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ArticleComposition diversification vs. structure diversification: How to conciliate timber production and carbon sequestration objectives under drought and windstorm risks in forest ecosystems
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This article aims to compare different forest adaptation strategies from an economic perspective with the objective to reduce extreme drought- and windstorm-induced risks of dieback. In this study, two diversification strategies were analysed. The first one was composition-based and consisted of mixing beech with oak whereas the second one relies on a diversification of the structure through a shift from the even-aged to the uneven-aged structure. We tested the efficiency of these two strategies individually and then combined through a simulation study in which we evaluated the financial loss and the reduction of carbon sequestration capacity. We combined a forest growth model computing Monte Carlo simulations with a forest economic approach using the land expectation value (LEV) adapted for a stochastic setting. The maximisation of the LEV criterion made it possible to identify the most economically effective adaptation strategies. Results show that diversification increases timber production and LEV, but reduces carbon storage. The two risks as well as the adaptation strategies show some synergies. Trade-offs between the financial balance and the carbon balance (i.e., adaptation vs. mitigation) are achievable. Valuing carbon services in addition to timber ones increases the forest value. Finally, our study presents a new approach for the economic valuation of multi-risk forest management, highlighting the importance of investigating several risks in a common analysis rather than separately. Keywords: Adaptation; Climate change; Mixed forests; Economics; Multi-risks ID: 3482550 -
DocumentWood transcriptome profiling identifies critical pathway genes of secondary wall biosynthesis and novel regulators for vascular cambium development in populus
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Wood, the most abundant biomass on Earth, is composed of secondary xylem differentiated from vascular cambium. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of wood formation remain largely unclear. To gain insight into wood formation, we performed a series of wood-forming tissue-specific transcriptome analyses from a hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa, clone BH) using RNA-seq. Together with shoot apex and leaf tissue, cambium and xylem tissues were isolated from vertical stem segments representing a gradient of secondary growth developmental stages (i.e., immature, intermediate, and mature stem). In a comparative transcriptome analysis of the ‘developing xylem’ and ‘leaf’ tissue, we could identify critical players catalyzing each biosynthetic step of secondary wall components (e.g., cellulose, xylan, and lignin). Several candidate genes involved in the initiation of vascular cambium formation were found via a co-expression network analysis using abundantly expressed genes in the ‘intermediate stem-derived cambium’ tissue. We found that transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the PtrHAM4-1, a GRAS family transcription factor, resulted in a significant increase of vascular cambium development. This phenotype was successfully reproduced in the transgenic poplars overexpressing the PtrHAM4-1. Taken together, our results may serve as a springboard for further research to unravel the molecular mechanism of wood formation, one of the most important biological processes on this planet. Keywords: Genetic resources, Research ID: 3622616 -
DocumentTimberLex, the FAO online portal on forest-related legislation and timber legality
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Illegal logging seriously undermines efforts to improve sustainable forest management, including efforts to avoid deforestation and forest degradation. As more timber producing and consuming countries enact requirements related to legal production and trade of timber, facilitating greater and easier access to legal information on timber would greatly contribute to demonstrating legality, thus reducing the incidence of illegal logging and contributing to the achievement of sustainable forest management.
In this context, the new FAO TimberLex database has been established as an open online resource to provide access to accurate, up-to-date and user-friendly legal information on forest management, timber production and trade from more than 50 timber-trading countries across regions. Country profiles are structured around a common format consisting of a set of Guiding Legal Elements for timber legality encompassing the different stages of the timber value chain considered as critical to the legality of timber. The database aims to serve more than one audience: (i) government officers (legislators, policymakers, forestry departments and law enforcement officers) which are mandated to play a role along the timber value chain; (ii) private sector producers and traders in timber producing and consuming countries; (iii) civil society and non-governmental organizations who will benefit from enhanced knowledge and capacity around timber-related legislation.
TimberLex ensures increased access to and understanding of national legal frameworks governing forestry and timber supply chains enabling more effective law enforcement from a plurality of actors nationally and internationally. This will facilitate national and international trade in legal timber contributing to curb deforestation and forest degradation. Keywords: Illegal trade, Policies, Governance, Deforestation and forest degradation ID: 3486224
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