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ArticleEnhancing economic agro-forestry for livelihood opportunity via ecosystem restoration: A case study
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Meghalaya, a North Eastern state of India with its economy tied to natural resource-base and climate- sensitive sectors as agriculture, water, forestry. Encroachment of forest land for agricultural activity, overexploitation of biodiversity, unsustainable agricultural practices (slash & burn) and non-scientific mining resulted in habitat degradation and pollution. India Water Foundation, as development partner with Meghalaya Basin Development Authority (MBDA) under Integrated Basin Development Livelihood Program designed on Knowledge Management, Natural resource Management, Entrepreneurship Development and Good Governance through demand driven partnership madeefforts towards Ecosystem restoration, linking forest, agriculture and water as most of economic value depends on nature and its services. Forest plays an indispensable role to conserve ecological balance and biodiversity restoration and indigenous people worship sacred groves, preserve flora and fauna biodiversity and bamboo reserves dedicated to deities in Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills served as water catchments to fulfil domestic, agricultural, customary needs. Green Mission promoted protection of catchments forests, improved forest & water foot print, diversified farmer's livelihood, income and food security. Opportunities from social to economic forestry prospered state's economy. Adapting to temperature and weather conditions, entrepreneurs cultivated tea, fruits, flowers, spices and medicinal plants & had market linkages, connectivity, cold storages and financial inclusion. Climate resilient practices like re-wilding, adaptive management augmented sustainable green cover and restored water-land-biomass balance, promoted carbon sequestration and water-energy-food security nexus. Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Sustainable forest management, Deforestation and forest degradation, Gender, Economic Development ID: 3486365 -
ArticleCase study of national timber legality systems as global efforts to prevent illegal logging
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Global society has been putting efforts together to prevent forests from rampant deforestation and illegal logging worldwide since sustainability is a common goal for the Earth. At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) called Rio+10, global efforts of timber importing countries and private sectors to restrain illegal logging were discussed in 2002. As a market instrument to eradicate illegal logging, timber legality systems in consumer countries have been implemented, starting with the United States since 2008, the European Union (EU) since 2013, Indonesia since 2016, Australia since 2017, Japan since 2018, and the Republic of Korea since 2019. In the implementation stage of the timber legality, the due diligence system plays a role in reducing the risk of illegally logged timber in a supply chain. This study investigated the due diligence system of Australian timber legality as a good practice and analyzed it according to the standard of risk management of International Standard Organization (ISO) consisting of 1) risk identification, 2) risk analysis, 3) risk assessment, 4) risk treatment, and 5) monitoring and review. As a result, the due diligence system of Australia was compatible with the risk management criteria of ISO. The timber legality in Australia was established based on relevant laws and regulations. Its system stepwise was composed of risk assessment and mitigation as well as risk identification and analysis of illegal logging possibility in accordance with origins and species. Eventually, this study clarified the structure of due diligence systems and evaluated the crucial points of these systems based on standards of ISO risk management. Results of this study will contribute to our understanding of timber legality towards sustainable development. Keywords: International Standard Organization (ISO), Timber Legality System, Due Diligence, Risk Management ID: 3623617 -
DocumentSmall-scale timber plantations for rural household livelihoods: Case study of Acacia timber production and commercialization system in central Vietnam
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Rural poverty alleviation implies economic development at local levels to which forests contribute to different extents. Smallholder-managed timber plantations form the backbone of wood supply in Vietnam. Of the planted tree species, Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium) hybrid is one of the most preferred by timber growers. Yet, the contribution of these timber plantations to rural livelihoods is currently unknown.
This study explores the impacts of Acacia timber production and trade on rural livelihoods in Thua Thien Hue province, where the tree species has been cultivated widely since approximately 20 years. 300 household heads in Nam Dong and Phu Loc district were interviewed, following a stratified random sampling approach. We employed a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics to examine the contribution of Acacia hybrid timber income to household economies. In addition, three Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures and the Gini decomposition method were used to evaluate the effects of income from timber plantations on poverty and income inequality. The findings were validated in group discussions, key informant interviews and direct observations.
The results demonstrated that Acacia hybrid timber plantations accounted for 33-56% of total annual household income. However, more wealthy households benefitted more from Acacia timber income especially in case of a well-developed market. Livelihood diversification using timber production notably reduced all three poverty indices in both districts. Given its highest share of total Gini and positive marginal effect on total Gini, Acacia timber income was the main contributor to the overall income inequality. While this income source reduced the Gini coefficient by 0.7% in Nam Dong, it increased Gini coefficient by 18% in Phu Loc district. Recommendations refer to improving the contribution of Acacia hybrid timber plantations to rural livelihoods. Keywords: Human health and well-being, Sustainable forest management, Landscape management, Governance, Deforestation and forest degradation ID: 3477875
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