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ArticleTackling the trade in illegal timber: a comparative study of legal frameworks
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Illegal logging and trade in illegal timber is a major cause of deforestation, which contributes to the global impact of climate change, depletion of natural resources and decreasing biodiversity, thereby frustrating efforts towards sustainable forest management. It further negatively effects countries’ socio-economic growth, food security, and poverty alleviation efforts, in particular local communities who depend on forests for their livelihood. Over the past years, major international markets have developed regulatory frameworks to combat illegal logging and associated trade. This comprehensive study provides an analytical framework for comparing requirements for timber legality and enforcement approaches and impacts of the laws in a range of timber-importing countries. Special emphasis is given to markets that have developed legal mechanisms and effective legislative options to combat the illegal introduction, import and trade of timber and other forest products. An in-depth analysis of case studies is undertaken to identify trends, emerging options or good examples, which could be used as reference or inspiration for developing effective legal frameworks and requirements on the legality of timber. This comprehensive overview and comparison of legislative approaches across regions intends to be a valuable information resource for researchers, policymakers, and timber trading companies, providing guidance on their compliance requirements. Keywords: timber legality frameworks, illegal logging ID: 3485653 -
DocumentSmall-scale timber plantations for rural household livelihoods: Case study of Acacia timber production and commercialization system in central Vietnam
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Rural poverty alleviation implies economic development at local levels to which forests contribute to different extents. Smallholder-managed timber plantations form the backbone of wood supply in Vietnam. Of the planted tree species, Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium) hybrid is one of the most preferred by timber growers. Yet, the contribution of these timber plantations to rural livelihoods is currently unknown.
This study explores the impacts of Acacia timber production and trade on rural livelihoods in Thua Thien Hue province, where the tree species has been cultivated widely since approximately 20 years. 300 household heads in Nam Dong and Phu Loc district were interviewed, following a stratified random sampling approach. We employed a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics to examine the contribution of Acacia hybrid timber income to household economies. In addition, three Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures and the Gini decomposition method were used to evaluate the effects of income from timber plantations on poverty and income inequality. The findings were validated in group discussions, key informant interviews and direct observations.
The results demonstrated that Acacia hybrid timber plantations accounted for 33-56% of total annual household income. However, more wealthy households benefitted more from Acacia timber income especially in case of a well-developed market. Livelihood diversification using timber production notably reduced all three poverty indices in both districts. Given its highest share of total Gini and positive marginal effect on total Gini, Acacia timber income was the main contributor to the overall income inequality. While this income source reduced the Gini coefficient by 0.7% in Nam Dong, it increased Gini coefficient by 18% in Phu Loc district. Recommendations refer to improving the contribution of Acacia hybrid timber plantations to rural livelihoods. Keywords: Human health and well-being, Sustainable forest management, Landscape management, Governance, Deforestation and forest degradation ID: 3477875 -
ArticleBeing legal and formal? Opportunities and challenges of the timber legality verification system for smallscale furniture producers in Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Over the last decade, Indonesia has made significant strides in improving forest governance. The Government of Indonesia (GoI) has made curbing illegal logging a strategic goal within the Ministry of Forestry's long-term plan. One of the main milestones in improving forest governance in Indonesia is signing the Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) with the European Union and being the first country that obtains the FLEGT license. The GoI has developed a timber legality assurance system called Timber Legality Verification System (Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu - SVLK). This system enables tracking a piece of timber back until the origin and ensure its legality. One major issue that remains under contention is how small actors should be included in the SVLK system. This paper attempts to assess the financial implications of SVLK certification for small operators in Indonesia. We found that while there are opportunities for smallscale producers to access the international market by having SVLK certificate, they face challenges to become formal entities. Moreover, they are hampered by the scale needed to enable them to meet the demand from global buyers. The paper aims to generate lessons for Indonesia to deal with small operators' inclusion into the FLEGT process and other countries seeking similar VPA arrangements with the EU to draw lessons from Indonesia as the first country that has obtained FLEGT license. Keywords: Value chain, Illegal trade, Policies, Policies, Research ID: 3486706
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