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The value of utilization and prospect of forest healing ingredients for native plants in Korea

XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022










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    Prospect and status of plant variety protection (PVP) of the forest sector in the Republic of Korea
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    The plant variety protection system (PVP), which started in 1968 to protect the rights of breeders, was first launched in Korea in 1998 with 27 species, including rice and barley. In 2008, the forest sector started the PVP system, which was later than the agricultural sector, and included 15 species of chestnut, oak mushroom, etc. It was then extended to all plants species in 2012. The new plant variety protection system protects the rights of the breeder for a new variety when it has novelty, denomination, distinctness, uniformity, and stability. In the past decade, a total of 548 new varieties of forest plant applications have been filed, and 260 new varieties have been registered. The number of applications of new varieties has increased every year, with 18 new varieties applied in the early stages of the forest sector’s PVP system, and 20~30 new varieties are registered each year. In the early stages of the operation of the PVP system, the central and local governments mainly took the applications(205 applications), but recently, due to consulting, promotion of the PVP system and support of breeders, applications to the private sector, such as individual breeders and the seed industry have increased (343 applications). The National Forest Seed Variety Center (NFSV) publishes Test Guidelines (292 books) and DUS test manuals (7 books), and conducts the “PVP system information session” every year of the PVP system settlement. NFSV will continue to implement policies for protecting the rights of breeders and the development of the bio-industry sector. These efforts provide a new provision against the Nagoya Protocol Paradigm with the promotion of the forest bio-industry. Keywords: New Varieties of Plants, Plant Variety Protection, UPOV, DUS test, breeder’s right ID: 3615736
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    Collection and characterization of native plant seeds for forest restoration
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    The global seed industry is worth 51 trillion won, and the Korean seed industry is 800 billion won. Among them, the seed industry in the forest sector accounts for 2.5% of the total, but information on plants used for forest restoration is insufficient. Currently, the supply of seeds for plant material for forest restoration is insufficient. However, the number of important plant seeds being imported continues to grow. Therefore, a lot of research and development of the forest restoration material industry are needed to secure the seeds of native plants for forest restoration. In particular, for systematic seed production and supply, a species selection strategy and seed germination characteristics analysis are required for plant material for forest restoration. This study was carried out in accordance with the 'Notice on the Supply of Native Plants and Natural Materials for Forest Restoration (20.09.07; Korea Forest Service). We collected native plant seeds to restore damaged forests and conducted a characterization study on the collected species. As a result of seed collection, 138 points of 49 species were collected from Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju. Among them, 5 gymnosperms and 133 angiosperms were included. Voucher specimens and image data information of the collected species were accumulated. As a result of seed characterization, Quercus acuta Thunb. and Carpinus turczaninowii Hance. showed a lot of abortive grains, but most showed high full seed rate. According to the results of the tetrazolium test, most species except for Quercus acuta Thunb, Machilus thunbergii S. et Z. and Carpinus turczaninowii Hance had vitality. In particular, Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll.Arg. and Raphiolepis indica var. umbellate showed the highest vitality as both the full seed rate and germination rate were over 50%. This study will be useful as data for collecting native plant resources and establishing a seed supply system for restoration of damaged forests. Keywords: Biodiversity conservation ID: 3623076
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    Establishment of seed zones based on native plant species
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    Since forest ecosystems constitute a complex ecosystem, the health of the ecosystem must be maintained. Seed zones are areas of relative climatic similarity, and movement of seeds within them should help minimize maladaptation. This study intends to build Korean seed zones by applying the US seed zone construction method.In the United States, winter minimum temperature and annual heat: moisture index (AH:M; aridity) were used to construct seed zones. Climate data for the entire Korean Peninsula was provided by Worldclim. Winter minimum temperature was determined as the minimum value per cell from December through February and was classified into 5°F (2.2°C) bands ranging from <-15° to >35°F (-26.1 to 1.6°C). The AH:M data is average temperature (°C) plus 15°C (to obtain positive values) divided by precipitation in meters. The AH:M map was divided into six discrete classes (<–16, 16–19, 19–21, 21–24, 24–27, >27). Korean provisional seed zones of 65 climatic zones were formed by overlapping both maps. Five native plant species were selected to test correspondence with the provisional seed zones. For Pine(Pinus Densiflora), Oak(Quercus acutissima), Oyster oak(Quercus variabilis), the winter minimum temperature of 15– 20°F and the AH:M of 19–21 and 21–24°C/m accounted for 37%, 43%, and 34%, respectively. Due to the latent habitat area of fern wood(Acer pictum subsp. mono), the Maxent AUC was 0.844, showing a high fit. The winter minimum temperature of 20–25°F and AH:M of 16–19°C/m accounted for 42%. Due to the latent habitat of hornbeam(Carpinus tschonoskii), Maxent AUC was 0.930, showing high accuracy. The winter minimum temperature of 25–30°F and AH:M of <16°C/m occupied 33%. In this study, provisional Korean seed zones were established and their association with five native plant species was identified. This study will be used to define initial seed zones and identify seed zones inhabiting similar climatic zones. Keywords: Provisional seed zones; Climate variables; Ecosystem; MaxEnt; Korean Peninsula ID: 3623161

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