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Thirteenth WTO Ministerial Conference: what outcomes for agriculture and fisheries?










FAO. 2024. Thirteenth WTO Ministerial Conference: what outcomes for agriculture and fisheries? Trade policy briefs, No. 56.Rome.



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    After Bali: WTO rules applying to public food reserves 2014
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    Once more, agriculture threatened to prevent all progress in multilateral trade rule-making at the Ninth WTO Ministerial Conference in December 2013. But this time, the “magic of Bali” worked. After the clock had been stopped mainly because of the food security file, the ministers adopted a comprehensive package of decisions and declarations mainly in respect of development issues. Five are about agriculture. Decision 38 on Public Stockholding for Food Security Purposes contains a “peace clause” which will now be shielding certain stockpile programmes from subsidy complaints in formal litigation. This article provides contextual background and analyses this decision from a legal perspective. It finds that, at best, Decision 38 provides a starting point for a WTO Work Programme for food security, for review at the Eleventh Ministerial Conference which will probably take place in 2017. At worst, it may unduly widen the limited window for government-financed competition existing under p resent rules in the WTO Agreement on Agriculture – yet without increasing global food security or even guaranteeing that no subsidy claims will be launched, or entertained, under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Hence, the Work Programme should find more coherence between farm support and socio-economic and trade objectives when it comes to stockpiles. This also encompasses a review of the present WTO rules applying to other forms of food reserves and to regional or “virtual” stockpiles. A nother “low hanging fruit” would be a decision to exempt food aid purchases from export restrictions.
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    FAO Fact Sheets: Input for the WTO Ministerial Meeting in Cancún 2003
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    For the WTO Ministerial meeting in Cancún, Mexico, FAO has produced fifteen briefings on trade issues critical to developing countries in the current negotiations. Their purpose is to provide basic facts and issues relating to agriculture, fisheries and forestry. They cover facts and issues especially important for Least Developing Countries (LDC) and Net Food Importing Developing Countries (NFIDC), but also for other Developing Countries for which exports in these sectors are critical to their economies. Issues covered include the increasing food-import reliance of many developing countries, the growth of food imports and food import bills, special safeguard provisions and import surges and identifying special products for differential treatment in the trade agreement. The issues include those which concern exports, such as tariff escalation and tariff preferences, non-tariff trade barriers, as well as the importance of certain export products such as fruits and vegetables, cotton, a nd sugar. The fact sheets also outline special agricultural concerns in respect of trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPS). Key words: tariff, tariff preferences, tariff escalation, import bills, non-tariff barriers, TRIPS, special safeguards, developing countries, Least Developed Countries, Net Food Importing Developing Countries, WTO, Doha Development Round, Cancun Ministerial, Sugar, Cotton, Fruits and Vegetables, agricultural trade.
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    WTO Agreement on Agriculture: Export Competition after the Nairobi Ministerial Conference 2017
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    The Ministerial Decision on Export Competition introduced prohibitions to agricultural export subsidies. It foresees the elimination of export subsidies in different timeframes for developed and developing countries. Specific exceptions have been agreed upon for some products and for particular developed and developing members. The Decision also covers the other three elements (namely Export Credits and Guarantees, International Food Aid and State Trading Enterprises) of the Export Competition p illar. While the elimination of export subsidy entitlements is not expected to induce changes in existing policies, it will, however, prevent future use of the measure.

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