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Effects of fruit and vegetable intakes on direct and indirect health outcomes

Background paper for the FAO/WHO international workshop on fruits and vegetables 2020










Gomes, F.S. and Reynolds, A.N. 2021. Effects of fruits and vegetables intakes on direct and indirect health outcomes  Background paper for the FAO/WHO International Workshop on fruits and vegetables 2020. Rome, FAO and PAHO.




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    Background paper for the FAO/WHO International Workshop on fruits and vegetables 2020
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    Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake is a substantial contributor to the international burden of disease. Low fruit and vegetable intake is ranked among the leading dietary risk factors for mortality across low, middle, and high-income countries. But food decisions are complex. As a result, the reasons why people do not eat enough fruits and vegetables are complex. This paper, prepared as a contribution and input to the the FAO/WHO international workshop on fruits and vegetables 2020, reviews the challenges, opportunities and recommendations to develop effective policies and programmes promoting fruits and vegetables, from production to comsumption.
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    Promoting safe and adequate fruit and vegetable consumption to improve health 2021
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    FAO and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend a daily fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake of at least 400 grams/adult. However, low F&V intake has become a global public health problem. The promotion of F&Vs in the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables emphasizes unprocessed or minimally processed F&Vs, which are highly beneficial to health. However, processing can improve food safety, especially from microbiological contamination, and reduce loss and waste. Conversely, F&Vs which are highly processed can undermine the health benefits of F&V consumption.
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    FAO/WHO International Workshop on Fruits and Vegetables in preparation for the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables 2021
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    In view of the upcoming International Year of Fruits and Vegetables (IYFV) to be observed in 2021, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) organized the FAO/WHO International Workshop on Fruits and Vegetables 2020. The aim was to review global evidence surrounding the effectiveness of interventions and the policy, programmatic and scientific advances in the decades since the Joint FAO/WHO Workshop on Fruit and Vegetables for Health (Kobe, Japan, 2004). The overall goal of the FAO/WHO International Workshop on Fruits and Vegetables 2020 was to develop evidence-based, actionable recommendations for future policies, laws, regulations and programmes aiming to improve F&V consumption, production and value chains.

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