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Book (stand-alone)Legume Trees and other Fodder Trees as Protein Sources for Livestock 1992
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No results found.Fodder trees and fodder shrubs have always played a significant role in feeding domestic animals. In fact, trees and shrubs are increasingly recognized as important components of animal feeding, particularly as suppliers of protein and especially in harsh environmental conditions. In such situations, the available grazing is not generally sufficient to meet the maintenance requirements of animals, at least for part of the year. This occurs, for example, in some mountainous regions and in the dry tropicswhere the grazing is also sometimes very degraded. Thus, in extensive animal production systems in the dry areas of Africa, it is generallye stimated that ligneous materials contribute up to 90% of production and account for 40-50% of the total available feed. Such figures illustrate the existing and urgent need not only for better knowledge but also for better use of such potential, particularly in the context of environmental degradation which is affecting our planet. On the other ha nd, in the humid tropics of Latin America, the South-cast Asia and Africa, foddersfrom trees and shrubs from leguminous species - are beginning to be utilized more dietary nitrogen supplements for ruminants. In this respect, new a significant move to look for new sources of protein from shrubs. However, given the increasing demand for forage and availability of low quality basal feed materials which require protein supplementation, high protein fodders from leguminous trees and shrubs could have a much more significant role in animal feeding systems throughout the developing world. In this respect, there is a need for more research to develop technically viable solutions. These solutions must also be economically and socially acceptable; they must preserve natural resources and protect the environment. In other words, the challenge is the sustainable development of fodder trees and shrubs......... -
BookletKey descriptors for forage grasses 2023
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No results found.The key descriptors for forage grasses consist of an initial minimum set of characterization and evaluation descriptors for some species of the family Poaceae. Grasses belong to the plant family Poaceae and many of the important forage grass genera have similar morphology, making it possible to suggest a common set of descriptors that can be used for describing diversity within multiple species. Despite similarities, grasses show diversity in morphology, productivity, feed quality and their response to drought and cold, even within the same species. These general forage grass descriptors are limited to tropical species with specific examples from Andropogon gayanus, Bothriochloa pertusa, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus clandestinus, Cenchrus purpureus, Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Cynodon nlemfuensis, Digitaria eriantha, Megathrysus maximus, Melinis minutiflora, Panicum coloratum, Paspalum dilatatum, Paspalum plicatulum, Setaria sphacelata, Sorghum x almum, Tripsacum laxum, Urochloa brizantha, Urochloa decumbens and Urochloa ruziziensis. These are all grasses that are already being adopted by smallholder farmers worldwide. -
BookletKey descriptors for fodder trees 2023
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No results found.The key descriptors for fodder trees consist of an initial minimum set of characterization and evaluation descriptors for some species of the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae). This strategic set aims at facilitating access to and utilization of these species, and it does not exclude the addition of other descriptors later. This work has been done jointly with the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The key set of access and utilization descriptors was defined through an online survey, in which 24 experts from 14 different organizations and universities from 13 countries participated. Fodder trees are an important feed resource for livestock, providing feed in the dry season when other forages may be in short supply. Their deep-rooting nature and fast growth have made them a valuable feed resource to extend the use of sown forages over longer periods of the year in tropical and subtropical areas. Fodder trees come from a wide range of plant families, but these general fodder tree descriptors are intended to be used for characterization and evaluation of a group from the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae), Calliandra calothyrsus, Cytisus proliferus, Gliricidia sepium, Sesbania sesban and Faidherbia albida. These are all fast-growing species already adopted by smallholder farmers worldwide.
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