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BookletFoot-and-mouth disease: quarterly report
April–June 2023
2023Also available in:
No results found.This quarterly report describes recent data for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks from April to June 2023. During this period, the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD) has reported test results for samples received from Bahrain, Ethiopia, Jordan, Nepal and Uganda. There have also been new sequence submissions from Oman (from ANSES on behalf of the Central Laboratory of Animal Health and from Sultan Qaboos University) and the Republic of Korea (APQA). The spread of the SAT2/XIV lineage that has emerged in the past six months to cause FMD outbreaks in countries in the Near East has been constantly monitored. This lineage originates in East Africa (Pool 4). Samples tested during this quarter from Bahrain and sequences provided from Oman (via ANSES, France) show that viruses from this lineage have been recently detected in a number of Gulf State countries supporting the idea that trade of live animals into the Persian Gulf from East Africa represents the most likely route by which the SAT2/XIV topotype has been introduced into the region. In Türkiye, SAT2/XIV outbreaks have been reported in Eastern and Central Anatolia, while in the Thrace region SAT2 vaccines (SAT2/Eri-98 from international suppliers and locally produced homologous vaccines from the ŞAP Institute) are being rapidly deployed to try to limit the potential impacts and spread of this lineage. Similarly, prophylactic vaccination using SAT2-specific vaccines is also being used in neighbouring countries (such as Armenia and Georgia). Elsewhere, new sequence data associated with FMD outbreaks has been received from the Republic of Korea, showing that these cases are due to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage. This lineage is now widely distributed in Pool 1 (East/Southeast Asia) and has previously spread to cause outbreaks in the Russian Federation (2021), Kazakhstan (2022) and Indonesia (2022). There have also been new reports of cases due to serotype O (O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2ANT-10) in Palestine and O-EA-3 in North Africa (Libya). -
BookletFoot-and-Mouth Disease
Quarterly Report - April-June 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This report covers FMD activities for April-June 2022. During the past three months, the WRLFMD has reported test results for samples received from Algeria, Botswana, Israel, Malawi, Namibia, State of Palestine, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Zambia. There have also been sequence submissions from Indonesia (Pusvetma), Malawi (BVI), Malaysia (MNFMDL), Mali (ANSES), Mozambique (BVI) and Thailand (Pakchong). During this quarter, greatest attention has been placed on the further expansion of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage in Indonesia which had previously maintained an FMD-free status (without vaccination) since 1990. FMD has spread very rapidly and there are now official reports of outbreaks on four main islands (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Lombok) as well on the Island of Bali. Analyses of sequence data reveals a close genetic relationship to FMD viruses collected in Thailand and Malaysia during 2021 and 2022; findings which may help to understand the origin of this incursion. During this quarter, further outbreaks due to the O/EA-3 topotype have been characterised in Algeria, which in addition to earlier cases in Tunisia, pose immediate threats to countries in southern Europe. In southern Africa, the O/EA-2 topotype has continued to spread into new locations (Malawi and Mozambique). In the Middle East a new virus lineage (called O/ME-SA/SA-2018) previously detected in India and Sri Lanka has been detected for the first time (in UAE). -
BookletFoot-and-mouth disease: quarterly report
January–March 2023
2023Also available in:
No results found.The World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD) has reported test results for samples received from Egypt, Ethiopia, Iraq and Jordan. During the past three months, epidemiological events in the European neighbourhood have been overshadowed by the emergence of SAT2/XIV in Iraq, Jordan and Türkiye. Clinical disease in large ruminants appears to be severe, with higher-than-expected mortality levels in older animals being reported. Analyses of sequences collected from these cases confirm that they are caused by viruses from the SAT2/XIV topotype which are closely related to viruses collected from Ethiopia during 2022. These are the first reports of the SAT-2 serotype in these countries, and since infection is occurring in naïve animals without any history of infection or vaccination for this serotype, there are obvious concerns about the potential for rapid onward spread to other countries in the region and to the FMD-free buffer zone in Thrace via east-to-west virus conveyers that have been described for other FMDV lineages.
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