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Applying the degree of urbanization. Theory and practice

Virtual Training on Data Disaggregation and Small Area Estimation for SDG Indicators (22-25 October 2024)








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    Applying the degree of urbanisation — A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons
    2021 edition
    2021
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    Applying the Degree of Urbanisation — A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons has been produced in close collaboration by six organisations — the European Commission, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UNHabitat), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and The World Bank. This manual develops a harmonised methodology to facilitate international statistical comparisons and to classify the entire territory of a country along an urban-rural continuum. The degree of urbanisation classification defines cities, towns and semi-dense areas, and rural areas. This first level of the classification may be complemented by a range of more detailed concepts, such as: metropolitan areas, commuting zones, dense towns, semi-dense towns, suburban or peri-urban areas, villages, dispersed rural areas and mostly uninhabited areas. The manual is intended to complement and not replace the definitions used by national statistical offices (NSOs) and ministries. It has been designed principally as a guide for data producers, suppliers and statisticians so that they have the necessary information to implement the methodology and ensure coherency within their data collections. It may also be of interest to users of subnational statistics so they may better understand, interpret and use official subnational statistics for taking informed decisions and policymaking.
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    The free of charge SAFA Tool (version 2.2.40) is created by FAO to undertake sustainability assessment, as described in the SAFA Guidelines (version 3.0). The SAFA Tool guides users through the four SAFA assessment steps: “Mapping”, “Contextualization”, “Indicators” and “Reporting”. The indicators used are those offered in the Guidelines’ complement: SAFA Indicators.
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    Nuclear and isotopic techniques to assess the fate and impacts of plastic pollution on soil ecosystems and the environment 2024
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    Plastics (Ps) are widely used by people, and their production has increased from 1.7 million metric tonnes in 1950 to 359 million metric tonnes in 2018. The production, demand, and waste of plastics and microplastics (MPs, plastic particles <5 mm in size) have grown exponentially in the last century. However, despite their benefits to society, most plastics end up on land and in the soil (long-term sink), degrading into MP before entering the marine environment. The current conventional and isotopic methods, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this document. This document focuses on the methodologies that contribute to comprehensive monitoring (fate and dynamics) and assessment of the impacts of plastic on soil fauna, that eventually lead to the development of mitigation strategies, as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of such measures. The cost–benefit and cost–effectivity analyses are not discussed in this technical paper. Neither does the paper touch on risk management approaches, such as hazard identification, exposure assessment, toxicological assessments, and the overall risk assessment.
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    Swedish dietary guidelines - risk and benefit management report 2015
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