An overview of food security and nutrition in the Pacific 2022

Abstract

This publication marks the first collaborative effort between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Food Programme (WFP), and the Pacific Community (SPC) to address food security and nutrition in the Pacific Islands, as well as in Maldives and Timor-Leste.The Pacific Island countries, classified as Small Island Developing States (SIDS) by the United Nations, share common characteristics and challenges with SIDS in other regions, such as the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. These nations are geographically isolated, with relatively small land areas and vast ocean territories within their exclusive economic zones. Their populations are often dispersed across numerous small islands, and transportation within and between countries is physically demanding and costly, posing difficulties for both domestic logistics and import/export activities.Many individuals in these countries rely heavily on terrestrial and marine ecosystems for sustenance and livelihoods. However, these ecosystems are fragile and highly susceptible to natural hazards, including earthquakes, tsunamis, extreme weather events, and the impacts of climate change. Both agriculture and fisheries sectors face significant challenges as populations increase and urbanization takes place. Additionally, the shift from small-scale subsistence farming and fishing to commercial approaches further complicates the situation. Conversely, migration to urban centres or emigration overseas is leading to the decline of populations in many outer-island communities.Understanding and addressing these complex issues is crucial to improving food security and nutrition in the Pacific Island countries, as well as in Maldives and Timor-Leste. This collaborative report highlights the specific challenges faced by these nations and presents opportunities for sustainable development and resilience building in the face of evolving socioeconomic and environmental circumstances. By promoting comprehensive strategies and cooperation among stakeholders, this partnership aims to support the well-being and livelihoods of the populations in the region.