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Book (series)Technical studyIntellectual Property Rights in Plant Varieties: An Overview with Options for National Governments 2002
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Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are legal rights granted by government al authorities to control certain products of human intellectual effort and ingenuity. (OECD 1996, at 12). An in- depth discussion of the philosophical and policy goals served by gran ting legal protection to these products is beyond the scope of this report. However, a basic familiarity with these goals is necessary to grasp how national and international intellectual property systems and institutions have evolv ed to their present forms and to understand the constraints that those systems and institutions place on governments seeking to implement competing policy objectives in tension with IPRs. -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (series)Technical studyUse of property rights in fisheries management volume 2
Proceedings of the FishRights99 Conference, Freemantle, Australia, 11-19 November 1999. Workshop presentations.
2000Also available in:
No results found.Part 2 of the proceedings contains papers of presentations made during the Workshop Sessions of the Conference, which were held during the last two days of FishRights99. Seventy-six papers were presented in three parallel sessions. Workshop sessions addressed the themes of: Introduction to Rights-based Management What are Property Rights? Evolution of Rights-based Management Co-Management & Rights-based Management What are Property Rights? Multiple Communities and Rights-based Manage ment Applying Rights-based Management Applying Rights-based Management to Developing Countries Responsibilities and Rights-based Management Denominating Rights Looking forward: Challenges and Opportunities. Thus, the workshop papers addressed national experiences in the design, implementation and modification of rights-based systems of fisheries management. The presentations included those made from the perspective of the fishing industry, government policy makers and administrators, legal implications as a consequence of national systems of law. Those concerned with the social and economic implications of this form of management reviewed the implications for communities affected by such changes in fisheries management approach. Many papers described specific national implementation experiences, both positive and negative, and national programme successes and 'less-than-successes'. Other papers dealt with the social, economic and legal theory appertaining to this form of management. Of the 76 papers presented during the Workshop part of the Conference, two were withdrawn after presentation and three were given only as oral presentations or in outline form. -
Book (series)Technical studyUse of property rights in fisheries management. Vol. 1: Mini-course lectures and Core Conference presentations
Proceedings of the FishRights99 Conference. Freemantle, Western Australia, 11-19 November 1999.
2000Also available in:
No results found.Part I of the proceedings consists of two major sections, the Mini-course lectures and the presentations presented during the Core Conference (Mini-course). The lectures presented during the two-day Mini-course were grouped in two sections. The first dealt with the concepts, theory and practice relating to the use of Property Rights in Fisheries Management. Subjects covered in the first past of the Mini-course included the historical development of the introduction of property in fishery managem ent, property rights as a means of economic organization, selection of a property rights management system, resistance to changes in property rights or, whether to use Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs), current property rights systems in fisheries management and group and community-based fishing rights. Topics covered in the second part of the Mini-course included Management Infrastructure for Rights Based Fishing, Legal Planning for Management of Fisheries Using Property Rights, The Adminis tration of Fisheries Managed by Property Rights, Administration of Enforcement Mechanisms for Rights-Based Fisheries Management Systems and Fisher Participation in Rights-based Fisheries Management: The New Zealand Experience The second major section of Part I of the proceedings consists of the papers presented during the three-day Core Conference. These papers covered the perspectives of (a) governments in introducing and administering such methods of management and the political, conservatio n, social and economic consequences, (b) industry; and (c) the wider community and other involved stakeholders. The topics covered in the Core Conference were introduced by two major perspectives, Moving through the Narrows: from Open Access to ITQs and Self-government and Common Property Rights: An Alternative to ITQs. Papers presented during the first day of the Core Sessions covered government perspectives and issues, institutional arrangements, administrative challenges and the politics of the Rights-based fisheries management process. Papers presented during the second day of the Core Sessions described the perspective of industry, strategic responses of industry and industry initiatives in advancing rights-based fisheries management. Papers presented on the final day of the Core Conference dealt with the issues of community perspectives, recreational fishing, community property rights, customary fisheries management, community-based fisheries management and the exclusivity of r ights. The session was closed with papers that provided a prognosis on the future development of property rights in fisheries management. Thus, the conference papers addressed the theory and application of property
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookInternational Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 2009For more information, visit the ITPGRFA website . The objectives of this Treaty are the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of their use, in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, for sustainable agriculture and food security. These objectives will be attained by closely linking this Treaty to the Food and Agriculture O rganization of the United Nations and to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.