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Geographic information – Classification systems: Land Cover Meta Language (LCML)

Part 2: ISO 19144-2:2023 (Edition 2)












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    Geographic information – Classification systems: Land Use Meta Language (LUML)
    Part 3: ISO 19144-3:2024 (Edition 1)
    2025
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    The ISO 19144-3 – land use meta language (LUML) was prepared jointly by FAO, Technical Committee of ISO i.e., Technical Committee 211 (TC211) on Geographic information/Geomatics, and European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 287. This document specifies a Land Use Meta Language (LUML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different land use classification systems to be described. This document recognizes that there are a number of land use classification systems in existence. It provides a common reference structure for the comparison and integration of data for any generic land use classification system, but does not intend to replace those classification systems. This document complements ISO 19144-2 on Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) and can be used independently to describe land use or together with ISO 19144-2 to describe a combined land cover land use.FAO acknowledges with deep appreciation the exceptional permission granted by ISO to continue republishing the current editions of the ISO 19144 series as FAO publications. This unique arrangement underscores the spirit of mutual trust and collaboration between the two organizations, ensuring wider and equitable access to these essential standards by Member Nations, technical partners and practitioners around the world.
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    The land characterization meta-language
    A new approach to define the primary aspects of land through the functional relationship of its biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics
    2024
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    There is a clear relationship between land cover (LC) and land use (LU). In fact, many existing LU classifications are based on LC information and vice versa. In practice, in many instances LC and LU concepts are so closely interrelated that often the meaning of terms becomes interchangeable. The description of a portion of land includes both LC and LU information (described as the biophysical land components and the human activities that shape and/or modify them). In a modern and efficient system, one cannot substitute one for the other. However, the two are and must be well separated concepts. Therefore, an effective and functional relationship between LC and LU needs to be established formally.This publication attempts to show this relationship. The title, and characterization meta-language, is used in this paper to represent the combination of the description of the terms LC and LU. The land characterization meta-language includes both LC and LU and the bridging relationships between them. The land characterization meta-language schema follows the premise that an effective and functional LC and LU relationship can be built only with a change of paradigm creating a unified modelling language schema based on the three-way relationship between the biophysical cover, the activities being performed and the functions to which the land is devoted at a point in time.
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    Geographic information – Classification systems: Classification system structure
    Part 1: ISO 19144-1:2009 with Cor.1:2012 (Edition 1)
    2025
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    The ISO 19144-1 – classification system structure is prepared jointly by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Technical Committee of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) i.e., Technical Committee 211 (TC211) on Geographic information/Geomatics. This part of ISO 19144 series, ISO 19144-1:2009, establishes the structure of a geographic information classification system, together with the mechanism for defining and registering the classifiers for such a system. It specifies the use of discrete coverages to represent the result of applying the classification system to a particular area and defines the technical structure of a register of classifiers in accordance with ISO 19135.FAO acknowledges with deep appreciation the exceptional permission granted by ISO to continue republishing the current editions of the ISO 19144 series as FAO publications. This unique arrangement underscores the spirit of mutual trust and collaboration between the two organizations, ensuring wider and equitable access to these essential standards by Member Nations, technical partners and practitioners around the world.

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    Land Cover Classification System: Advanced Database Gateway
    Software version 3
    2016
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    Advanced Database Gateway The FAO Land Cover Classification System software is due to be released in its third version, and with it come four supporting volumes. The third volume is a tutorial for the use of the Advanced Database Gateway which allows users to better interact with the LCCS and adapt it to their needs. The FAO LCCS is applicable to commercial use, national security, environmental protection, natural resource management, climate change mitigation and tracking of greenhouse gas emi ssions; and creates land classifications that are internationally transparent and comparable.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
    Geographic information – Classification systems: Land Use Meta Language (LUML)
    Part 3: ISO 19144-3:2024 (Edition 1)
    2025
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    The ISO 19144-3 – land use meta language (LUML) was prepared jointly by FAO, Technical Committee of ISO i.e., Technical Committee 211 (TC211) on Geographic information/Geomatics, and European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 287. This document specifies a Land Use Meta Language (LUML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different land use classification systems to be described. This document recognizes that there are a number of land use classification systems in existence. It provides a common reference structure for the comparison and integration of data for any generic land use classification system, but does not intend to replace those classification systems. This document complements ISO 19144-2 on Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) and can be used independently to describe land use or together with ISO 19144-2 to describe a combined land cover land use.FAO acknowledges with deep appreciation the exceptional permission granted by ISO to continue republishing the current editions of the ISO 19144 series as FAO publications. This unique arrangement underscores the spirit of mutual trust and collaboration between the two organizations, ensuring wider and equitable access to these essential standards by Member Nations, technical partners and practitioners around the world.
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    Manual / guide
    Land Cover Classification System - User Manual 2016
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    Classification Concepts The FAO Land Cover Classification System software is due to be released in its third version, and with it come four supporting volumes. The second volume is the User Manual which is a practical guide to all the features of the software version 3, with examples of how to make various types of classes e.g. for distinguishing managed and non-managed forest. The FAO LCCS is applicable to commercial use, national security, environmental protection, natural resource management , climate change mitigation and tracking of greenhouse gas emissions; and creates land classifications that are internationally transparent and comparable.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
    Land Cover Classification System: Advanced Database Gateway
    Software version 3
    2016
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Advanced Database Gateway The FAO Land Cover Classification System software is due to be released in its third version, and with it come four supporting volumes. The third volume is a tutorial for the use of the Advanced Database Gateway which allows users to better interact with the LCCS and adapt it to their needs. The FAO LCCS is applicable to commercial use, national security, environmental protection, natural resource management, climate change mitigation and tracking of greenhouse gas emi ssions; and creates land classifications that are internationally transparent and comparable.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Technical book
    Geographic information – Classification systems: Land Use Meta Language (LUML)
    Part 3: ISO 19144-3:2024 (Edition 1)
    2025
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    The ISO 19144-3 – land use meta language (LUML) was prepared jointly by FAO, Technical Committee of ISO i.e., Technical Committee 211 (TC211) on Geographic information/Geomatics, and European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 287. This document specifies a Land Use Meta Language (LUML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different land use classification systems to be described. This document recognizes that there are a number of land use classification systems in existence. It provides a common reference structure for the comparison and integration of data for any generic land use classification system, but does not intend to replace those classification systems. This document complements ISO 19144-2 on Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) and can be used independently to describe land use or together with ISO 19144-2 to describe a combined land cover land use.FAO acknowledges with deep appreciation the exceptional permission granted by ISO to continue republishing the current editions of the ISO 19144 series as FAO publications. This unique arrangement underscores the spirit of mutual trust and collaboration between the two organizations, ensuring wider and equitable access to these essential standards by Member Nations, technical partners and practitioners around the world.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Manual / guide
    Land Cover Classification System - User Manual 2016
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Classification Concepts The FAO Land Cover Classification System software is due to be released in its third version, and with it come four supporting volumes. The second volume is the User Manual which is a practical guide to all the features of the software version 3, with examples of how to make various types of classes e.g. for distinguishing managed and non-managed forest. The FAO LCCS is applicable to commercial use, national security, environmental protection, natural resource management , climate change mitigation and tracking of greenhouse gas emissions; and creates land classifications that are internationally transparent and comparable.