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FAO Information Pack: Supporting national efforts to minimise risks from Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

prepared by the FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia










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    Booklet
    Assessment of antimicrobial resistance risks in six Latin American countries 2019–2021: Integrated regional project in antimicrobial resistance
    Summary report
    2022
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    In 2019, FAO launched the Integrated Regional Project (TCP/RLA/3708 and OSRO/GLO/812/NOR), with the aim of designing and adopting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) containment strategies based on the existing risks in terrestrial and aquatic animal production. One of the project outcomes was a qualitative assessment of the risks of AMR in terrestrial and aquatic animal production systems, using the 'FAO tool for a situation analysis of AMR risks in the food and agriculture sectors', developed by the FAO Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (FAO RLC). The tool aims to provide a qualitative and systematic assessment of the risks and gaps of animal production systems (terrestrial and aquatic species) related to AMR at the national level, and which can affect both animal and human health. This report represents a summary of the results obtained from the application of the tool in six Latin American countries, from 2019 to 2021. The results show the evaluation of the factors involved in the epidemiological pathways of AMR, the mitigation measures associated with these pathways, and the sustainability aspects of the system that are connected to the generation and dissemination of AMR from the animal production chain.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    The FAO Progressive Management Pathway for Antimicrobial Resistance
    User’s manual
    2025
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    The FAO Progressive Management Pathway for Antimicrobial Resistance (FAO-PMP-AMR) is a tool designed by FAO to support countries in developing, revising, and implementing the food and agriculture components of National Action Plans on AMR (AMR-NAPs). FAO-PMP-AMR plays a critical role in empowering the food and agriculture sectors to implement AMR-NAPs, enabling a One Health approach at the national level. The FAO-PMP-AMR covers 41 topics for comprehensive assessment of AMR-NAPs, and for each topic, it proposes four steps of activities and key performance indicators to achieve sustainable status with a step-by-step approach. FAO-PMP-AMR can be applied at any stage of AMR-NAPs throughout their development, implementation, and revision, by assisting countries in monitoring progress, identifying gaps between planning and implementation, and generating priority activities and relevant technical resources to improve specific areas towards higher levels of implementation.The PMP-AMR manual comprises three main parts:1. Essentials: Introduces the rationale of the PMP-AMR approach and its target audience.2. Details: Provides a detailed description of the pathways under each topic.3. Self-Assessment Process: Walks through how to apply the self-assessment process using PMP-AMR, including the organization of assessment workshops.
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    Booklet
    White paper: Antimicrobial resistance in the animal sector in India 2024
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    The phenomenon in which bacteria do not respond to antibiotics, when given in accordance with standard treatment guidelines, is called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It leads to prolonged treatment, longer infectivity of the patient, use of additional and expensive investigations and potentially toxic drugs, and huge economic cost to the patient, society, and the country. AMR has been developing rapidly against even newly discovered antibiotics. The bacteria are versatile and ingenious in developing a plethora of defence mechanisms against antibiotics. Many bacterial species have accumulated resistance to multiple drugs. These are known as multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms and in layman language as “superbugs”. The spectrum and reach of MDR pathogens have been rapidly increasing. AMR in animal pathogens makes disease treatments ineffective, increases the severity of the disease, reduces productivity and leads to economic losses. In addition, more than half the quantity of antimicrobials used in animals/fish is excreted as waste contaminating soil, water and the environment. This also contributes to the emergence and spread of AMR through selection pressure on microorganisms in the environment. Besides, antimicrobial usage can lead to antimicrobials residues in the edible animal/fish products which are a public health risk.

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