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ArticleAnalysis of independent forest vigilance experiences in Honduras, Panamá and Perú: inputs for the good forest governance
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Illegal logging is one of the main drivers associated to tropical forest degradation and deforestation, being a problem structurally related to weaknesses in law enforcement and forest governance processes. Independent Forest Vigilance is a participatory and empowering social process in which civil society and independent actors verify legality in forestry activities and influence the sector’s transparency and governance. There are only few studies about the existing models of this activity, especially in Latin America. Within the framework of the FAO EU FLEGT Program, this study systematized Independent Forest Vigilance experiences and projects in three countries: the Independent Forest Monitoring and the ‘Contraloría Social’ (civil society controllership) of Forest Management and of FLEGT VPA in Honduras, the ‘Veeduría Forestal Ciudadana’ (forestry oversight) in Panamá, and the Indigenous ‘Veeduría’ in Perú. Three distinct vigilance approaches were identified: an intrasectorial operative approach, based on the verification of norm compliance in exploitation activities; a strategic extrasectorial approach, based on the verification of the performance of actors of the Honduras FLEGT VPA; and a territorial management approach, based on technical assistance, community representation and control in the forestry and environmental fields. Although the countries have conceptually well-developed mechanisms, the degree of practical application is variable, and even little consolidated in some cases. Economic sustainability, recognition by authorities, independence, and coordination with actors from the verification and control systems are the main challenges to be faced in the process of strengthening these mechanisms. Nonetheless, their great potential to contribute to the improvement of governance is widely recognized, especially in the realms of legality verification, control and law enforcement, institutional internal control systems, and the sector’s transparency. Keywords: Governance, Illegal trade, Monitoring and data collection, Deforestation and forest degradation ID: 3477063 -
ArticleHistory lessons from the late Joseon Dynasty period of Korea: Human technology (Ondol), its impacts on forests and people, and the role of the government
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Historical analogies can help us contextualize new technical developments with social, cultural, and political forces at work. The late Joseon Dynasty period of Korea (1639–1910), a closed economy with detailed written records, provides a rare opportunity to examine a social-ecological system (SES) responding to drivers of change over a long period of time. Based on historical records and reconstructed data, we aim to: (1) characterize how the expansion of human technology, Ondol (traditional underfloor heating system), affected different subsystems and their interactions within the SES over time; (2) examine the role of the government in promoting the technology and regulating its impacts; (3) summarize the pertinent lessons learned from old Korea for governing a modern-day bioeconomy. Ondol allows various forest biomass to be utilized as household fuel, including fuelwood, forest litter, and grass scraped from forest floor. Continuous biomass harvesting over 250 years to feed Ondol contributed to forest degradation and forest ecosystem condition trapped in the early successional stage in the Korean Peninsula. The ecological changes were exacerbated by the Pine Policy with a singular focus on reserving Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) for government uses. The policy failed to recognize basic needs of the public while countenancing an expansion of Ondol and a cultural preference for heated floors that propagated an increased use of biomass fuel. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing potential technology traps where a human innovation opened opportunities for more resource use. The lessons learned from old Korea show that bioeconomy transitions would require multifaceted governance responses, while being cautious about being too closely tied to the dominant national agenda. Keywords: bioeconomy; forest history; Joseon Dynasty; Korea; Ondol; social-ecological system ID: 3481758 -
ArticleImpact of capacity building in leveraging community skills and livelihoods: lessons learned from social forestry in Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Indonesia encounters several challenges in forest management due to the high communities’ demand for forest resources, including the need for agricultural land within state-owned forest areas. Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) is a strategy that emphasizes on the importance of community’s involvement in forest conservation. CBFM planning has an important role in the implementation of effective and sustainable forest management through a participatory approach involving all parties in Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling. This paper aims to provide information on impact of capacity building in leveraging community skill and livehood in three schemes of Social Forestry (SF) in Indonesia, namely Paru Village Forest (VF)–West Sumatra, Cempaka Forestry Partnership (FP)–Lampung, and Tuar Tana Community Forestry (CF)–East Nusa Tenggara, in collaboration between Forestry and Environment Research, Development and Innovation Agency with the Asian Forest Cooperation Organization (AFoCO). The research was conducted through structured interviews, FGDs and field observations by an analysis unit while the informations obtained were analyzed through descriptively qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that the provided assistances and capacity building in three SF schemes have increased the active participation of group members in the preparation of technical plans and implementation of economic value species planting and processing of non-timber forest products (NTFPs).Other benefits are the reduced land boundary conflicts, an increase in the frequency of routine group meetings, an increase in the number of members who are able to process NTFPs into semi-finished or finished goods. This condition shows that the provided assistance is able to increase the capacity of farmers so as to change the perceptions and attitudes of group members and encourage them to actively participate in forest management in three SF area. Keywords: Participatory planning, Capacity building, Community Forestry, Village Forest, Forestry Partnership ID: 3487019
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