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ArticleBuilding sustainable landscapes and local livelihoods through community forestry in Timor-Leste
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Agriculture, forests, and livestock sectors contribute to the livelihoods of more than 70 percent of the rural population in Timor-Leste. Forests play a significant role to keep the hilly landscape intact, conserve biodiversity, and support income generation and enterprises development. Studies revealed that there is an increasing trend of deforestation, and degradation in Timor-Leste posing significant threats, including those on climate change, food security and survival of local communities. Forest Resource Assessment (FRA), 2020 shows that the forest areas declined from 0.96 mha in 1990 to 0.92 mha in 2020, and this trend has been accelerating very fast. At present, 67 percent of the forests and forestlands in Timor-Leste are under private (largely customary) and 33 percent under public ownership. Management of customary forests and agricultural land is commonly governed by customary institutions such as tara bandu and recognised by the Laws on General Regime of Forests (2017). The Law stipulates that community forestry is the main strategy for implementing the national forest policy. The Government has recognised the role of local people in conservation of watershed, reforestation, generating income and employment through forest-based enterprises. Furthermore, the Government is committed to devolve legal rights to local communities necessary for protection, management and utilisation of forest resources under community forestry. Against this backdrop, as a part of the community forestry technical cooperation program (TCP) to Timor-Leste, FAO has been supporting community-based forestry,and forest tenure assessment in the country using recently developed global frameworks. In addition, community forestry will be further strengthened through enabling legal framework such as forestry law and community forestry strategy. This paper shares the results, and lessons learned so far obtained from the project and draws outlines on future implications for community forestry for building sustainable landscapes and livelihoods in Timor-Leste. Key words: community forestry; Timor-Leste; forest policies; tenure; customary rule ID: 3485599 -
ArticleEnhancing public-private sector collaboration: A case of the Uganda Timber Growers Association affiliated tree growers and public actors building a sustainable commercial forestry industry
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Uganda’s forests are a treasured natural asset contributing 8.7% to the national economy (NEMA 2011). However, Uganda has been losing its forest cover alarmingly, from 24% in 1990 to 9% in 2015. In Uganda, Forestry is coordinated by the Ministry of Water and Environment through the Forest Sector Support Department. Government through the National Forestry Authority has provided land in degraded Central Forest Reserves (CFRs) to private investors under license. Nearly 70% of planted forests are in CFRs. Additionally; Government initiatives like the Sawlog Production Grant Scheme project is providing financial and technical support based on a set of national Forestry standards. Finally, Government has created a conducive environment for the commercial forest sector to grow at an unprecedented rate of 7000 ha per year. Since 2004, the private sector in Uganda has been exemplary, on building a private sector-led commercial forestry industry. Most of the investors (99.8%) are small to medium scale (1000 ha and below). The private sector is coordinated by the Uganda Timber Growers Association (UTGA), the umbrella body of tree growers that does advocacy, networking, information sharing, collective procurement, marketing and extension. The private sector is growing over 85% (over 80,000 ha) of Uganda’s forest resource. UTGA has promoted the certification of plantations and chain of custody with area up to 42,000 ha, the largest in East Africa and two organizations certified in chain of custody. Plans are underway for the establishment of an apex body for carpenters, timber traders and wood processors. The strong collaboration between Government and private sector actors has yielded remarkable results for Uganda’s forestry. The public private partnerships have provided solutions to challenges of illegality, poor governance, forest degradation and deforestation by providing a platform for individuals, companies and communities to grow trees while protecting gazetted forest land. Keywords: Planted Forests, private sector, CFRs ID: 3487300 -
ArticleCommunity resilience to changes in forest public policies: The case of ejidos in northern Mexico
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The communal property regime in Mexico, in which land use and management rights were officially granted to campesinos, has faced many challenges throughout the nearly 100 years after its creation. Since then, a variety of public policies have been established to promote forest management. In the 1970s, the government created a forest management system based on concessions to private or parastatal companies that ignored the opinions of the communities and triggered environmental problems. Later, it initiated other programs, such as the payment for ecosystem services, to reduce deforestation and poverty. However, no empirical evidence of these policies has been studied. In this work, we analyzed the historical role in forest management of three ejidos in the state of Durango, including their organization, capacity building, and their relationship with forest cover changes. Two periods, ranging from the beginning of the concessions to current community forest management (1960‐2018), were compared. Based on Ostrom’s principles of collective action, the effectiveness of the ejidos in conserving their resources was analyzed. Semi‐structured interviews were used to estimate two indexes that associate the internal organization of the communities: Social Organization and Community Institutionality. The cartographic series of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography were also used to evaluate the changes in forest cover in the same period. Results show that the indexes have increased over time, suggesting that ejidos have improved their organization processes. In addition, there is a direct relationship between the forest land increase and both indices. The so‐called community forest management model is a feasible strategy that can contribute to the preservation of these ecosystems. The internal organization of the communities, including their institutional arrangements, is a key factor to search for the sustainable management of these common‐pool resources. Keywords: Collective Action, Common‐Pool Resources, Community Forest Management, Forestland ID: 3613102 Use Change, Social Organization
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