Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
-
Policy briefPolicy briefFarmer income and decoupled direct payments in North Macedonia 2023
Also available in:
No results found.This policy brief summarizes the key findings and policy recommendations of the corresponding working paper “Decoupling direct payments in North Macedonia: impacts on farmer income”. North Macedonia’s ambition to join the European Union requires reforms of the agricultural sector and subsidy system. One major reform is the alignment to the rules of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union on direct payments, including the “decoupling” of direct payments from production quantities. The decoupling of direct payments is likely to have significant impacts on production decisions, prices and therefore on farmer income. This paper identifies four possible scenarios for North Macedonia to align the direct payment scheme to the regulations of the European Union and subsequently analyses the impact of each scenario on farmers' income, using an ex ante analysis method in the form of a static microsimulation approach and the farm accountancy data network (FADN) data at individual farm level. The results show that, on average, farmer income increases when direct payments are decoupled in North Macedonia. We further test for heterogeneity and identify different effects along farm types and economic farm size – and find that some farmers would exhibit income losses as a result of the reform (i.e. specialist cattle, mixed crops and livestock farmers). -
Book (series)Working paperDecoupling direct payments in North Macedonia
Impacts on farmer income
2023Also available in:
No results found.North Macedonia’s ambition to join the European Union requires reforms of the agricultural sector and subsidy system. One major reform is the alignment to the rules of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union on direct payments, including the “decoupling” of direct payments from production quantities. The decoupling of direct payments is likely to have significant impacts on production decisions, prices and therefore on farmer income. This paper identifies four possible scenarios for North Macedonia to align the direct payment scheme to the regulations of the European Union and subsequently analyses the impact of each scenario on farmer income, using an ex ante analysis method in the form of a static microsimulation approach and the farm accountancy data network (FADN) data at individual farm level. The results show that, on average, farmer income increases when direct payments are decoupled in North Macedonia. We further test for heterogeneity and identify different effects along farm types and economic farm size – and find that some farmers would exhibit income losses as a result of the reform (i.e. specialist cattle, mixed crops and livestock farmers). The document was developed as a key deliverable in the context of TCP/MCD/3703 “Strengthening of Agriculture and Rural Development Policy Analysis and Programming”. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookLessons learned from the introduction of land consolidation in North Macedonia during 2014–2023 2023
Also available in:
No results found.Since 2014, North Macedonia has developed into the flagship country for FAO support to land consolidation in Europe and Central Asia. The first small technical assistance project began in 2014. During 2017–2022, support to the national land consolidation programme was scaled up with European Union IPA funding through the FAO-implemented MAINLAND project. In August 2022, a second EU IPA-funded and FAO-implemented project “Enhancing land consolidation in North Macedonia” was launched and will continue until 2026 in close collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy. From the beginning, the Government of North Macedonia’s vision has been to build up and implement a fully operational national land consolidation programme. In addition to the mentioned core land consolidation activities and projects, FAO has in North Macedonia in the same period provided technical assistance to a number of land policy-related activities, including to the privatization of state-owned agricultural land, addressing land abandonment and supporting the development of agricultural land markets. This publication aims to document the lessons learned from the introduction of a land consolidation instrument in North Macedonia during the period 2014–2023. The purpose is to share the experiences with land consolidation, which will also be of great relevance for other countries in Europe and Central Asia and beyond that are in the process of introducing land management instruments such as land consolidation and land banking. The structural problems in agriculture with small average farm sizes, excessive land fragmentation, water scarcity, need for modern irrigation systems and weak agricultural land markets are also present in several countries in North Africa, the Near East and South East Asia. In some of these countries, there is also an increased interest in the introduction of land consolidation instruments.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
-
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookකුඩා ධීවර යාත්රා සඳහා ඉන්ධන ඉතුරුම් අත්පොත 2023මෙම අත්පොත මගින් ධීවර යාත්රා හිමියන්ට සහ කාර්ය මණ්ඩලයට, බෝට්ටු සාදන්නන්ට සහ බෝට්ටු නිර්මාණකරුවන්ට සහ ධීවර පරිපාලකයින්ට ඉන්ධන පිරිවැය අඩු කිරීමේ ක්රම පිළිබඳව ප්රායෝගික උපදෙස් ලබා දීම අරමුණු කරයි. එය ජලජීවී වගා කටයුතු සඳහා භාවිතා කරන කුඩා යාත්රා සඳහා ඉන්ධන ඉතිරිකිරීම් සමඟ සම්බන්ධ වූවන් සඳහා මාර්ගෝපදේශයක් ලෙසද ක්රියා කරයි. එය මීටර් 16 (අඩි 50) දක්වා දිග සහ පැයට නාවික සැතපුම් 10 ට අඩු වේගයකින් ක්රියාත්මක වන කුඩා බෝට්ටු කෙරෙහි අවධානය යොමු කරයි. මෙය ලෝකයේ ධීවර බෝට්ටු බහුතරයක් ආවරණය කරයි. මෙම අත්පොත මගින් බෝට්ටු නිර්මාණකරුවන්ට සහ බෝට්ටු සාදන්නන්ට අඩු ප්රතිරෝධයක් සහ කාර්යක්ෂම ප්රචාලකයන් තෝරාගැනීම සඳහා බඳ හැඩය පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු සපයයි. මෙම අත්පොතෙහි පළමු පරිච්ඡේද මඟින් විශාල ආයෝජන පිරිවැයකින් තොරව දැනයමත් ගොඩනැගූ බෝට්ටු මත ගත හැකි ඉන්ධන ඉතිරි කිරීමේ ක්රියාමාර්ග පිළිබඳව සාකච්ඡා කෙරේ. බෝට්ටු සේවා වේගය අඩු කිරීම, බඳ සහ ප්රචාලකය දිය යට අපිරිසිදු වීමකින් තොරව තබා ගැනීම සහ බෝට්ටු එන්ජිම නඩත්තු කිරීම වඩාත් ඵලදායී පියවරයන් වේ. මසුන් ඇල්ලීමේ ක්රම වෙනස් කිරීමෙන් ඉන්ධන ඉතිරි කර ගත හැකි බව ද යෝජනා කරයි. මෙම අත්පොතෙහි අවසාන පරිච්ඡේද මඟින් 2-ස්ට්රෝක් අවුට්බෝඩ් එන්ජිමක සිට ඩීසල් එන්ජිමකට වෙනස් කිරීම, ඩීසල් එන්ජිමක් ස්ථාපනය කිරීම සහ රුවල් භාවිතා කිරීම මඟින් සිදු කළ හැකි ඉන්ධන ඉතිරි කිරීම් පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු සපයයි. ජල මාර්ගයේ දිග සහ බෝට්ටුවේ බර අනුව ආර්ථිකමය එන්ජින් බලයක් තෝරා ගැනීම සාකච්ඡා කෙරේ. ගියර් අඩු කිරීමේ අනුපාතය සහ සේවා වේගය, සේවා බලය සහ ප්රචාලක වට ගණන සම්බන්ධ ප්රචාලක තේරීම පිළිබඳව උපදෙස් දෙනු ලැබේ. නව ඉන්ධන-කාර්යක්ෂම බෝට්ටුවක් සැලසුම් කිරීම සහ ප්රශස්ත ප්රචාලකයක් තෝරා ගැනීම සඳහා සහාය වීමට දත්ත සපයනු ලැබේ. මෙම අත්පොතෙහි අඩංගු තොරතුරු ප්රධාන කරුණු වඩාත් පහසුවෙන් අවබෝධ කර ගැනීම සඳහා බොහෝ උදාහරණ ඇතුළත් කර ඇත. සවිස්තරාත්මක පසුබිම් තොරතුරු උපග්රන්ථවල දක්වා ඇත ඉන්ධන ඉතිරිකිරීමට ඇති ඉඩ, එන්ජිම ක්රියාත්මක කිරීමේ පිරිවැය, බෝට්ටුවක බර සහ ප්රචාලකයක විෂ්කම්භය සහ තාරතාව ගණනය කිරීමට භාවිතා කළ හැකි හිස් වගු ද උපග්රන්ථවල අඩංගු වේ.
-
Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated. -
Book (series)YearbookWorld Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2024 2024
Also available in:
No results found.The Statistical Yearbook 2024 offers a synthesis of the major factors at play in the global food and agricultural landscape. Statistics are presented in four thematic chapters, covering the economic importance of agricultural activities, inputs, outputs and factors of production, their implications for food security and nutrition and their impacts on the environment. The Yearbook is meant to constitute a primary tool for policymakers, researchers and analysts, as well as the general public interested in the past, present and future path of food and agriculture.