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ArticleSocioeconomic and ecological factors driving agriculture land use in community-forest landscapes in the middle hills of Nepal
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Cropland abandonment has been a global land management issue for several decades. Studying the factors contributing the cropland abandonment enable us to understand the dilemma facing agriculture land management and crucial for agricultural and natural resource policy development and implementation. Previous studies conducted to understand the cropland abandonment mostly overlooked multiple socioeconomic and biophysical factors, together with natural factors. We used a multi-level logistic regression model and quantitative analysis to investigate status and farmers' perceptions of cropland abandonment and analyzed factors contributing to it. We surveyed 415 households and collected 1264 land parcel profiles from 15 community forest user groups. Our results show an increasing trend of cropland abandonment due to multiple socioeconomic, ecological, and biophysical factors. The likelihood of cropland abandonment increased with household characteristics such as having more migrants, female-headed, non-agriculture occupation of household head and, having a larger amount of agriculture landholding. The study also showed that land parcels far from households, close to the forest edge, with shading effects, higher in slope, were more likely to be abandoned. This paper also identifies the effects of policy-relevant variables on choices to agriculture practices in the rural community of Nepal. ID: 3478783 -
ArticleParadigm tensions in institutional fields: FSC's quest for a holistic view of forests
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This study investigates changes in forest paradigms from the perspective of FSC. The paper uses a basis of institutional theory to examine these paradigms, and FSC is defined as the referent organization for the institutional field of sustainable forest management. Data was collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews, with 25 interviews in 2016-2017 and 26 interviews in 2020. Interviewees include sustainability experts for corporations, NGOs, environmental campaigners, and FSC staff, members, and board members. Our analysis shows that while FSC is calling for a change in forest paradigms, the holistic paradigm for FSC and the sustainable forest management remains constant. Instead, what they are calling for is change in the wider societal paradigm. FSC’s forest paradigm has been holistic from its inception, and field members either hold these views before joining, or adjust their values to align to the field over time. Conversely, society is shifting from a timber-focused forest paradigm to a carbon-focused forest paradigm. We view both the homogenization and the shift of views to be processes of appreciation, where views are built up, reinforced, and changed through reality judgements of experiences and trends, and value judgements of the assessed information. The shift of societal paradigms causes tensions for FSC, which it is currently attempting to resolve with its new Global Strategy. We conclude that FSC’s call for a new paradigm is actually a call for society’s appreciation of forest to converge with its holistic view, but that this will be difficult to achieve as its position as the referent organization for sustainable management has limitations. We also conclude that multistakeholder organizations need to continually update their systems to remain relevant for changing environmental, social and sustainability demands, but that this does not require a change of paradigm. Keywords: Institutional theory, paradigms, FSC, holistic value, fields ID: 3485587 -
ArticleSocial forestry programs: A responsible investment to support sustainable forest management and provide alternative income for local communities, Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) has had a long experience in Indonesia to support the sustainable forest management. The CBFM approach has evolved into a new model, i.e., Social Forestry (SF). The SF drives to a more legal access from local community to utilize forest area. This SF opens opportunity for a more responsible investment by private sector to create cooperation’s with community organizations. The Forest Investment Program-1 implements CBFM through SF and has conducted activities in 17 villages, targeted a 17,000 ha into an agreement between communities with FMU and private sectors. A SWOT analysis is used to identify potential commodities in the targeted village and also to assess capacity of community organization. Interviews and focused group discussions were conducted to facilitate the development of a proposed cooperation with external parties for potential investment. Within the FIP-1 villages, there are five licenses for Social Forestry. Additionally, 6 new licenses are in the process. A total of USD 5 Million investment is planned for 17 villages. In average, for those 5 villages that has obtained SF licenses, a total of USD 1.6 Million have been invested in creating alternative livelihood, including USD 100 K/village for bee keeping, aquaculture and handicraft business development, USD 1.3 M for forestry program, and USD 222 K for village infrastructure program. Keywords: social forestry, sustainable forest management, Kalimantan, community forest ID: 3488277
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