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Overview of penaeid shrimp culture in Asia

Establishment of a Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia

Year of publication 1984

Pages p. 29

Author Pinij Kungvankij;Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division

Product type Project

Category Programme / project report

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) Marine shrimp farming is a century-old practice in many Asian countries. Until a decade ago, this commodity was still generally considered as secondary crop in traditional fish farming practices. in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and India, shrimp fry were accidentally trapped in the salt beds and paddy fields around estuarine areas, whereas in Indonesia and the Philippines, marine shrimps enter milkfish ponds during tidal exchange. Only recently, due to higher income derived from the harvest of marine shrimp than the principal crop, the farmers eventually converted these fields into shrimp farms. In traditional shrimp farming, sources of wild shrimp fry are either through natural entrance during tidal water exchange or intentionally gathered from the wild and stocked directly in the ponds. Production is dependent on the seasonal abundance of wild fry which fluctuates widely from year to year. In addition, water depth in rearing pond is generally shallow which often leads to extreme f luctuations of water temperature and salinity causing large scale mortality. Predation by carnivorous fishes gaining entrance in the ponds also accounted for considerable loss of shrimps. Production relies almost entirely on natural pond fertility since fertilizers and feeds are not generally used. Consequently, yields are low in the range of 100 – 300 kg/ha/year. Gradually, over the years, some improvements in the traditional methods of culturing shrimp have evolved. For instance, the stockin g density could be increased with the aid of water pump and increasing water depth in the pond which favors shrimp growth since temperature can be maintained and mortality reduced. Production can also be raised by increasing stocking density in pond with the fry collected from the wild. However, supply of seed from the wild is still inconsistent and insufficient that large scale development of the industry cannot be realized.

Language English

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