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Disaster risk finance and Anticipatory Action in Mongolia: Lessons from the 2022/23 dzud

Technical Brief








FAO. 2024. Disaster risk finance and Anticipatory Action in Mongolia: Lessons from the 2022/23 dzudTechnical Brief. Ulaanbaatar.



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    Mongolia: Anticipating the 2020 dzud 2020
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    This overview showcases how FAO and IFRC anticipated a harsh winter season (known locally as a dzud) in Mongolia. In early 2020, both agencies implemented anticipatory actions triggered by warnings that extreme weather posed a major risk to vulnerable livestock herders. It highlights the projects achievements and the collaboration efforts.
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    Disaster risk financing for anticipatory action in Pakistan
    Technical report
    2024
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    A key consideration for the effective integration of anticipatory action (AA) into disaster risk management (DRM) is the financing of AA related costs. AA interventions have been shown to have the potential to contribute to the overall cost effectiveness of disaster related spending, making disaster risk financing (DRF) go further. Planning, preparing and implementing AA poses specific build costs associated with building the necessary capacities and systems, and fuel costs associated with activating pre agreed plans upon reaching a pre-defined trigger. In Pakistan, build costs and fuel costs for AA interventions to date have been largely donor financed. This technical paper assesses entry points and opportunities for integrating AA into government systems witha focus on public DRF. Despite limited evidence of effective mainstreaming into public DRF systems, significant entry points exist and can be leveraged. Pakistan’s overarching policy and regulatory frameworks governing DRM, in particular the National Disaster Management Act (2010), provide policy space for financing costs of threatening disasters. Ongoing reforms of the country’s DRF architecture (in the context of the National DRF Strategy Formulation in particular) provide a timely opportunity for AA mainstreaming. Elements of build finance are already being provided not only through project based external finance, but also via Pakistan’s annual development budgets, which could be further scaled up to build and maintain AA systems.Given the inherent need for AA fuel finance to be made available quickly upon trigger activation, it is potentially more suitable to make finance available close to the level where impacts are felt and AA is taken. The analysis includes a specific case study focused on Sindh province. The paper identifies some key opportunities for mainstreaming AA into public systems at the national and provincial levels.
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    After-Action Review of the Early Warning Messaging Activity under the Scaling up Early Warning and Anticipatory Action for Agriculture and Food Security Project (EWAA) in Zimbabwe 2022
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    Early warning messaging has been crucial to protect smallholder farmers’ crops, livestock and assets, as well as livelihoods. Collaborating with the government of Zimbabwe’s Meteorological Services department which provided updated forecasts for the targeted areas on a regular basis, and FAO facilitated the broadcast of these messages through various formats managed by the Ntepe-Manama Community Radio station. During the 2021/22 agricultural season, farmers and households in the target wards received early warning and weather forecast messages twice a week to coincide with the Meteorological Services Department’s three-day forecasting period. Early warning and short-range forecasting information was broadcast to farmers in Gwanda, parts of Matobo and parts of Beitbridge. The early warning messages were transmitted through the four local languages that are indigenous to the district; Sotho, Babirwa, Venda and Ndebele. This ensured that weather messages were simple enough for better understanding by the recipients. The messages disseminated provided information on the weather conditions for the following three days. When extreme weather conditions were predicted, early warning information and corresponding advisories were broadcast to enable farmers to activate their coping strategies, and implement other pre-emptive actions to protect crops, livestock and assets. An After-Action Review process was conducted to assess the impact of the messaging on the targeted farmers and derive recommendations for further improvement of the activity. The outcome showed that the messages influenced the farmers' short-term farming choices.

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