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ArticleJournal articleForest sector workforce in the UNECE region. Overview of the social and economic trends with impact on the forest sector
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The nature of forest work is changing. Over the last several decades, forest management priorities have been evolving from timber extraction towards a comprehensive ecosystem services management. Work structures have been adapting to the challenges of global economy such as globalization of commodity markets as well as pressures on productivity and on workers safety, health and wellbeing. In the last several decades, large companies have downsized, relocated or closed with substantial impact on forest workers and local communities. Many former corporations have outsourced work to a growing number of contractors who have different work, management and communication cultures. That created possibilities for innovation, for adapting to new niches, such as community-owner or worker-owned businesses, and for development of contractor associations. In the view of the transition of global economy to a green and sustainable model, forest sector needs to continuously look ahead to what the future of the forest work will be and where the new developments may come from, in particular, in the context of attracting a qualified and young workforce to fill in new jobs. Today the forest workforce in the UNECE region is very diverse, although still employing disproportionately few women. Further development of this trend will depend on the revision of existing curricula with a view to adaptation to new career paths and to offering modern careers ensuring inclusive transition of the sector to a green and sustainable economy model. A key element to that will be the emphasis on the aspect of natural resources management and the enhancement of all forest ecosystems functions. Keywords: employment, forest workforce, green economy, ecosystem services management, occupational safety and health ID: 3470667 -
ArticleJournal articleAssessing the contribution and linkages of the forest sector to the national economy: Case studies on Finland, Malawi, and the United States of America
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Economic contribution of the forest sector is commonly downplayed by only considering its direct impacts while overlooking the ripple effects on other sectors of the economy. This lack of recognition often puts the forest sector in a less favorable position in developing national development strategy and impedes unlocking the sector’s full potential towards sustainable development. This study used three case studies (Finland, Malawi, and the United States of America) to illustrate how the forest sector contributed to national economies through direct, indirect, and induced effects. It identifies and quantifies how the forest sector is linked to other sectors of the economy via backward and forward linkages, and compares the structure of the sectoral linkages across the three studied countries. A structural path analysis approach based on social accounting matrices was used for the analysis. The forest sector was found having a promising potential to contribute to national economies through direct contribution and pathways via other sectors. The forest sector’s indirect and induced effects were found higher than its direct effects in terms of employment, valued added, and labour income. Wood-based processing subsectors in general had higher economic multipliers than the forestry and logging subsector. The real estate, wholesale trade, and food sectors were among the top backward-linked sectors of the forest sector and the construction sector was among the top forward-linked sectors for all three countries. There were great variations in how the forest sector interacts with other sectors among the studied countries. Stage of development, resource endowments, forest tenure, geo-economics, positions in international trade, and national forest policy all played some roles. The results can advance our understanding of the sectoral linkages of the forest sector in national economy and provide thoughts on how to weave the forest sector into national development strategies in a holistic way. Keywords: economic contribution analysis, sectoral linkage, social accounting matrix, structural path analysis, forest sector ID: 3485504 -
ArticleJournal articleGlobal trends in research on wild-simulated ginseng: Quo Vadis?
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.To the best of our knowledge, no study has systematically reviewed and analyzed the research trends of Wild- simulated ginseng (WSG) used for food or medicinal purposes in many countries. WSG, a non-timber forest product, has been traditionally produced using agroforestry practices, and it has been consumed in various ways for a long time. WSG has a great demand in the market due to its medicinal effects, particularly in improving forest livelihoods and human health. Due to the significance of WSG, we conducted this research to explore the global research trends on WSG using systematic review methodology and keyword analysis. We used two international academic databases, the Web of Science and SCOPUS, to extract 115 peer-reviewed articles published from 1982 to 2020. The research subjects, target countries, and keywords were analyzed. Our results indicate four categories of WSG research subjects, namely growth conditions, components, effects on humans/animals, and the environment of WSG, and the case studies were mainly from the Republic of Korea, China, and the USA. Through topic modelling, research keywords were classified into five groups, namely medicinal effects, metabolite analysis, genetic diversity, cultivation conditions, and bioactive compounds. We observed that the research focus on WSG changed from the biological properties and cultivation conditions of WSG to the precise identification and characterization of bioactive metabolites of WSG. This change indicates an increased academic interest in the value-added utilization of WSG. Keywords: Wild-simulated ginseng; systematic review; keyword analysis; topic modelling; non-timber forest products (NTFPs); agroforestry ID: 3484627
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.