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ArticleJournal articleWho visited urban forests and trails more or less during the COVID-19 pandemic and why? A case study in Salt Lake City, UT, USA
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.While the COVID-19 pandemic caused a decrease in travel and social activities, there was an exception—travel to parks and trails. Urban residents needed refuge to relax, exercise, and socialize. Nevertheless, trips to parks and trails vary by socio-demographic characteristics, disadvantageous to those having health issues or low-income. Without appropriate community design and planning interventions, such conditions may worsen existing environmental injustice and health issues. This study explores the demographic profile of those who used urban parks and trails more or less during the COVID-19 pandemic in Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Data comes from an online and intercept survey with 4,325 responses and focus groups with 52 participants. Quantitative analyses show that park and trail use during the pandemic decreased among older adults, females, homeowners, and low- income households. Also, people living in a denser, more walkable, and more park/trail accessible neighborhood likely increased their visitations.Our qualitative analysis further examines how residents feel about their use of parks and trails during the pandemic and how they would improve them in the future. Respondents in disadvantaged neighborhoods felt safe visiting parks, highlighting the value of urban nature as a resilience infrastructure and community asset during a crisis. This study presents transformative ideas to engage communities and promote stewardship, which are relevant to cities looking into the New Normal. Keywords: green space; equity; health; SARS-CoV-2; urban forest; urban planning ID: 3614623 -
ArticleJournal articleOverstory-regeneration relationships in mixed-conifer forests of the southwestern United States
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The ponderosa pine, dry- and wet-mixed conifers, and spruce-fir forests are major forest types in the southwestern United States. The ponderosa pine and dry mixed-conifer systems have historically relied on fire to maintain structure and composition. With the changes in fire regimes, there has been a long-term progression toward more shade-tolerant species such as Abies concolor. Using data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program, this study focused on the relative proportions of each species in the seedling, sapling, and overstory tree cohorts. The hypothesis is that regeneration and subsequent development by species were proportional to the species in the overstory, accounting for shade tolerance. Transitions to a different future forest combination, if that transition was occurring, was related to the time since the previous disturbance, usually fire, and the relative proportion of Abies in the overstory mix. This paper examines a subset of the relationship between overstory basal area, latitude, elevation, and seedling numbers in the understory by species. We found three species – Picea engelmannii, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus ponderosa – displayed an interaction between overstory basal area and latitude upon seedling numbers in the understory. There was little separation at the more southerly locations, suggesting an external limiting factor, soil moisture availability, overcame species-specific silvical characteristics and competitive abilities. Future work will examine the presence of particular species in the overstory and their influence upon their own and other species' regeneration. Keywords: multiple species forests, regeneration trends, succession, microenvironment ID: 3486970 -
ArticleJournal articleOur relationships with forests define the future forests: a case of national institutions and personal perceptions of private forest owners and forest professionals in Finland
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Our attitudes toward forests can be defined as human-forest relationships. These relationships are the result of our national context, the society where we live, cultural background, family and individual aspects, and of course, forests surrounding us. Human-forest relationships combine both historical and modern values and practices, reflecting the constantly evolving global, national, communal, and individual aims for future forests. Several disciplines have scrutinized people’s relationships with surrounding nature from various viewpoints, although partly disregarding forests’ unique characters and importance for societies and local communities. Our ongoing research asks what kind of relationships with forests are defined in national institutions, and expressed among private forest owners and forest professionals. The importance of research results lies especially in two grounds to which human-forest relationships affect, firstly, the acceptance or changes of current forest management practices, and secondly, activities in mitigating climate change securing our common future. The main data consist of selected national forest institutions and around 100 in-depth interviews of private forest owners and forest professionals. Qualitative data are analyzed in a theoretical framework consisting of both new institutionalism and phenomenological and narrative approaches in a multidisciplinary combination of social sciences, forest policy, and ethnology. Preliminary results reveal emerging changes in forest institutions that strengthen non-economic aims. Both private forest owners and forest professionals are partly in a state of confusion pondering what are the right institutions and actions for a sustainable future. We discuss the human-forest relationships that exist both at the national level and among individual stakeholders. We aim also to clarify the importance of existing human-forest relationships for conflict resolution and sustainable forestry. Keywords: Human-forest relationship, institutions, forest professionals, private forest owners ID: 3622236
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookRussian Federation: Meat sector review
Country highlights prepared under the FAO/EBRD Cooperation
2014Also available in:
World food demand has seen massive changes, including a shift from staple foods to animal proteins and vegetable oils. In the short to medium term, this trend in global food demand will continue. There will be an increased demand for vegetable oils, meat, sugar, dairy products and livestock feed made from coarse grains and oilseed meals. There are numerous mid-term forecasts for the Russian Federation’s meat sector. Most of them agree on the following trends: (i) the consumption of poultry and p ork meat will increase; (ii) the consumption of beef will decrease or stabilize; and (iii) the Russian Federation will remain a net importer of meat on the world market. According to OECD and FAO projections, meat imports from the Russian Federation will decrease from 3 to 1.3 million tonnes, owing to an anticipated growth in domestic chicken meat and pork production. The country’s share in global meat imports is anticipated to decrease from 12 percent in 2006–2010, to 4 percent in 2021. While t he Russian Federation will continue to play an important role in the international meat market, it will fall from its position as the largest meat importing country in 2006–2010 to the fourth largest global meat importer by 2021, behind Japan, sub-Saharan African countries, and Saudi Arabia. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.