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Book (stand-alone)The Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) process in the Central and West Africa: from theory to practice 2014This study was carried out by the FAO FLEGT Programme. The report was written by Marc Vandenhaute, Sophie Lemaître and Robert Simpson with the support of experts Caroline Duhesme, Anna Halton, Emmanuel Heuse, Yann Petrucci and Ruth Raymond. The authors are grateful to Véronique Ferrier for editing the original language text, Leslie Wearne Duncan for English language translation and Gabriele Marcelli for layout and design. Special thanks go to the stakeholders in the VPA countries of West and Central Africa and to the European Commission, whose contributions were crucial in carrying out the study. Lastly, the authors would like to thank the panel of experts who reviewed the study, particularly EFI’s EU FLEGT Facility, FERN, IDL and CIFOR, for their willingness and their technical input.
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Book (stand-alone)Guide to Good Practice in Contract Labour in Forestry 2011
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No results found.One aspect of the social pillar of sustainable forest management, which has so far received little attention at the policy level, is the forest workforce. There has been little recognition at the international level of the obvious fact that sustainable forestry requires a sustainable work force. Increasingly, forestry operations, -notably harvesting- are carried out by contractors. These are often small or very small enterprises, which therefore face major challenges in terms of occupa tional safety and health and economic viability as they lack a strong structure of cooperation and mutual support. A team of specialists was set up under the integrated programme of the UNECE Timber Committee and the FAO European Forestry Commission to address this issue. This team, led by Edgar Kastenholz of ENFE, has drawn up a Guide to Good Practice in Contract Labour in Forestry, intended to help these contractors, and those working with them, to understand the issues, and functi on in a truly sustainable way. The Guide is based on European and North American conditions, but many of its suggestions are applicable elsewhere. We hope that this good practice guide will take its place alongside other good practice guides prepared by FAO and its partners as a very practical contribution towards achieving sustainable forest management. We take this opportunity to thank the team members for their work in opening up a new field of activity and drawing attention to a range of issues which need attention, but which, as this Guide shows, may also be solved by applying basic principles and learning from the experience of others. The work was supported from the FAO staff side by Joachim Lorbach. -
Book (stand-alone)Inland small-pelagic fisheries utilization options, marketing and opportunities for support 2012
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No results found.The fisheries sector contributes greatly to the economies of the eastern, central and southern regions of Africa (ECSA) in terms of income, employment and export revenue. Until recently, only large-sized fish were exploited for human consumption but small-sized pelagic fish were used for animal feed production. However, in the last decade, concerted efforts have been made in various African countries to reverse the trend. For example in 2005, an FAO led study assessed post-harvest losses in one of the abundant small-sized pelagic fisheries (Rastrineobola argentea), in the East Africa states of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. In 2011, Uganda through the Department of Fisheries Resources (DFR), requested FAO under the Technical Corporation Programme (TCP) to address the question of high post-harvest losses in the fishery and improvement of upstream handling against a backdrop of declining per capita consumption trends. Under this programme, several products were developed to increase Rastrin eobola argentea, locally called Mukene, for human consumption. The SMARTFISH Programme, with funding from the European Union (EU) built on previous efforts by initiation of the present study that has been designed to look at increased utilization options to enhance cross-border trade in small pelagics. As a test case, products from Brycinus nurse (Ragoge) and Neobola bredoi (Musiri) commonly found in Lake Albert of Uganda were developed together with potential Ugandan processors and the economic ally viable products were marketed in neighbouring Kenya and Rwanda to gauge their marketability. Using a structured questionnaire with some input from the Trade Event Specialist, some potential regional traders tasked to evaluate their prospects. Prior to product development, information was gathered on all aspects of the Musiri and Ragoge fishery, including the sanitary status of fishing vessels, time of capture, daily catches, drying surfaces, storage facilities, packaging, wholesale operatio ns as well as markets and transportation. The sand-free sundried products, powdered and fried products were promoted for regional markets. As a complementary study, the nutrient content of products from both fish species was determined for purposes of backstopping the three up-graded processors who were at different levels of development. The regional market opportunities surveyed indicated that there was an insatiable demand for all products made from small-sized pelagics ranging from sun-dried to powdered. The large quantities demanded by the regional markets could not be met by processors using traditional processing methods and operating at a small-scale. It was also evident that product quality was a determinant factor in product pricing. The cost of sand-free products was one and a half times more than adulterated products which underscore the influence of consumers in the market place. There were other external drivers that are likely to enhance regional trade of the identified value-added products from Uganda. They included population increases, regional geo-economic and political blocks, carbohydrate-based diets, nutritional properties of fish and civil strife or wars. During the implementation of the present study, there were two major challenges namely; seasonality of the two species under scrutiny and the competence of local processors to be up-graded to standards required by the regional as well as international markets. Both factors slowed down the implementatio n process because unplanned exposure visits and training had to be conducted to improve the competence of potential processors under the up-grading SMARTFISH scheme. In conclusion, there was an insatiable demand in the region for all products made from small-sized pelagic fishes from Uganda and trade in such products can be enhanced in the region with concerted effort from all key actors along the value-chain, improved upstream handling, broadened utilization base, consumption campaigns and enfo rcement of quality and safety standards. However, implementation of some intervention measures cited would require harmonized policies across national borders, substantial investment in the sector, sensitization of key actors with regard to market requirements and goodwill among policy enforcers at border crossings.
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