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Book (stand-alone)Financing for mangrove protection with emphasis on Pakistan, Thailand and Viet Nam 2016
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No results found.This publication was prepared for the ‘Income for coastal communities for mangrove protection’ project (2015-2016) which aimed to develop a low-cost mechanism enabling investors to responsibly promote mangrove conservation, carbon emissions reduction and sustainable development through the provision of funding to local communities. This report reviews sources of funding for mangrove protection with particular focus on Pakistan, Thailand and Viet Nam. Because of the role of mangroves in climat e change adaptation, climate change mitigation and disaster risk management, sources of financing targeting these objectives are included along with financing sources aiming specifically at mangrove conservation and restoration.
This is the first in a series of four publications intended to be used in conjunction in establishing sustainable financing for mangrove protection in Asia. The titles and links of the four publications are as follows: -
Book (stand-alone)Desalination for agricultural development: Addressing opportunities and challenges in the context of climate change and the global agricultural commodity market
Expert consultation workshop report
2025Also available in:
No results found.The integration of desalination into agricultural practices presents a transformative opportunity to address water scarcity in a rapidly changing climate. This guidance document has highlighted the technological advances, agronomic opportunities, economic challenges, environmental impacts and social considerations associated with doing so.Technologically, desalination has evolved significantly, offering viable solutions for both seawater and brackish water, with reverse osmosis leading the way. However, the high costs and energy requirements of desalination remain significant challenges, particularly for widespread agricultural use. Innovations in energy efficiency, brine management, and the potential for resource recovery from brine are promising developments that could lower costs and environmental impacts in the future.Agronomically, desalinated water can support high-value crops, and it has the potential to support food security in regions facing severe water scarcity. However, the unique chemical composition of desalinated water, including low nutrient content and the potential for phytotoxicity, necessitates careful management to avoid adverse effects on soil health and crop productivity. Blending desalinated water with water from other sources and adjusting fertilization practices can mitigate some of these concerns.Economically, the viability of desalination for agriculture depends on the value of the crops being irrigated, the proximity of desalination plants to agricultural lands, and the availability of financing mechanisms. The high cost of desalinated water requires targeted subsidies, public–private partnerships, and innovative financing models to make it accessible and sustainable for farmers, particularly in developing regions. Further research is needed to analyse the costs and benefits of desalination for “strategic” crops in water-scarce areas – such as cereals and animal fodder – which are intended to contribute to food security.Environmental sustainability is a critical consideration, with desalination’s energy intensity and brine disposal posing significant risks. The shift towards renewable energy sources and the development of brine valorization strategies are essential steps towards reducing the environmental footprint of desalination. Moreover, the potential for desalination to contribute to aquifer recharge and prevent overextraction of freshwater resources offers additional environmental benefits. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetSupporting development finance institutions financing private agrifood investments 2024
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No results found.The Investment Centre acts as a bridge between countries and financing partners to create the enabling conditions for greater public and private investment to accelerate the transformationto more sustainable agrifood systems. It works in around 120 countries with an ever-expanding network of financing institutions, including the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the European InvestmentBank (EIB) and the European Commission. Its growing multidisciplinary team draws from FAO’s vast technical, policy and analytical expertise to provide countries with tailored, innovative and scalable investment and finance solutions.
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