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DocumentOther documentMountains as the water towers of the world
A call for action on the sustainable development goals (SDGs)
2014Also available in:
No results found.Mountains cover 25 percent of the world’s land surface, and directly support 12 percent of the world’s population living within mountain regions. Sustainable mountain development (SMD) should be a global priority, given the multitude of ecosystem goods and services that mountain provide, not just to mountain peoples but to the millions living downstream.Through their watershed function, mountains supply more than half of humanity with water for drinking, irrigation, industry, food and energy production. However, water and other mountain ecosystem services are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Human activities such as urbanization and infrastructure development further aggravate environmental degradation which affects the quantity and quality of water resources. The degradation of mountain ecosystem services has severe consequences for livelihoods and environments of downstream regions. -
DocumentOther documentAgenda - "Advancing sustainable mountain development: Water towers for people and the planet
UN 2023 Water Conference virtual side event
2023Also available in:
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BookletPolicy briefHuman mobility in mountain areas in a changing climate 2024
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No results found.The document, Human mobility in mountain areas in a changing climate, examines how climate change impacts human mobility in mountainous regions. These areas are increasingly vulnerable to both sudden hazards, like landslides and floods, and slow-onset changes, such as temperature rise and shifts in precipitation. These environmental stressors drive varied mobility patterns, including displacement, migration, and in some cases, immobility due to strong place attachment. The report draws on evidence from Ecuador, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, highlighting how mountain communities respond to climate-induced pressures, with strategies ranging from pastoralism to labor migration. It also outlines the gendered dimensions of mobility, emphasizing the roles of women in managing households during male outmigration. The study points to the need for more targeted research, policy interventions, and support systems to mitigate the challenges faced by these vulnerable populations. By integrating mobility into climate adaptation plans, and leveraging Indigenous Peoples' knowledge with modern technologies, the report advocates for more comprehensive disaster risk management and sustainable development pathways in mountain regions
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of the World’s Forests 2020
Forests, biodiversity and people
2020As the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity 2011–2020 comes to a close and countries prepare to adopt a post-2020 global biodiversity framework, this edition of The State of the World’s Forests (SOFO) examines the contributions of forests, and of the people who use and manage them, to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Forests cover just over 30 percent of the global land area, yet they provide habitat for the vast majority of the terrestrial plant and animal species known to science. Unfortunately, forests and the biodiversity they contain continue to be under threat from actions to convert the land to agriculture or unsustainable levels of exploitation, much of it illegal.The State of the World’s Forests 2020 assesses progress to date in meeting global targets and goals related to forest biodiversity and examines the effectiveness of policies, actions and approaches, in terms of both conservation and sustainable development outcomes. A series of case studies provide examples of innovative practices that combine conservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity to create balanced solutions for both people and the planet. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
Also available in:
No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.