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Book (series)Technical studyMicrobiological Hazards in Fresh Leafy Vegetables and Herbs: Meeting Report. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series (MRA) 14 2008
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No results found.This FAO/WHO Expert meeting was convened on 5-9 May 2008 in Bangkok, Thailand, to address the request for scientific advice received from the 39th Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (CCFH) on the microbiological hazards associated with leafy vegetables and herbs. In responding to the questions posed by the CCFH, the meeting addressed the pathways for contamination, survival and persistence of microbiological hazards associated with leafy vegetables and herbs, and the potent ial management options from primary production through to the consumer. Consideration was given to all aspects of the farm to fork continuum, i.e. including pre-harvest and post-harvest. -
Book (series)Technical studyRisk Characterization of Microbiological Hazards in Foods. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series (MRA) 17 2009
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No results found.Risk characterization is one of the four steps of microbiological risk assessment. It is defined as an estimation of the probability of occurrence and severity of known or potential adverse health effects in a population based on the preceding steps of hazard identification, hazard characterization and exposure assessment. It comprises the results of the risk assessment in the form of risk estimates and risk descriptions and provides the best available science-based evidence to support food safe ty management. This volume presents guidelines for risk characterization of microbiological hazards in foods. These guidelines provide descriptive guidance on how to conduct risk characterization in various contexts, and utilizing a variety of tools and techniques. They have been developed in recognition of the fact that a reliable estimation of risk is critical to the overall risk assessment. This volume and others i n t h i s Microbiological Risk Assessment Series contain information that is u seful to both risk assessors and risk managers, including international scientific committees, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, governments and food regulatory agencies, scientists, food producers and industries and other people or institutions with an interest in the area of microbiological hazards in foods, their impact on human health and food trade and their control. -
Book (series)GuidelineExposure Assessment of Microbiological Hazards in Food. Guidelines. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series (MRA) 7 2008
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No results found.The process of developing exposure assessment guidelines was initiated at a workshop held in Seattle, Washington, United States of America, from 5 to 9 December 2001. The workshop participants were scientists currently involved in exposure assessment of foodborne microbiological hazard in humans or animals. The document drafted during this workshop was subsequently reviewed by the workshop participants, and a revised draft prepared. This was then reviewed by another group of external peer review ers. The guidelines were finalized taking into account all comments received. These guidelines are part of a series of guidelines on microbiological risk assessment being prepared by FAO and WHO. Guidelines on Hazard Characterization for Pathogens in Food and Water have already been published as number 3 of this FAO/WHO Microbiological Risk Assessment Series. Guidelines on risk characterization are in preparation and will be published as number 13 in the FAO/WHO Microbiological Ri sk Assessment Series.
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DocumentOther documentGeneral principles of food hygiene 2023This document outlines the general principles that should be understood and followed by food business operators at all stages of the food chain and that provide a basis for competent authorities to oversee food safety and suitability.This edition contains a new annex which introduces tools to determine the critical control points in a hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system.The term "Codex Alimentarius" is Latin and means "food code”. Codex standards are international food texts, i.e. standards, codes of practice, codes of hygienic practice, guidelines and other recommendations, established to protect the health of the consumers and to ensure fair practices in the food trade. The collection of food standards and related texts adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission is known as the Codex Alimentarius.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (series)Technical studyMicrobiological Risk Assessment – Guidance for food 2021
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No results found.This document provides guidance on undertaking risk assessment of all microbial hazards which may adversely affect human health in foods along a food chain. This document is also intended to provide practical guidance on a structured framework for carrying out risk assessment of microbiological hazards in foods, focussing on the four components including hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization. These guidelines therefore represent the best practice at the time of their preparation, and it is hoped that they will help stimulate further developments and disseminate the current knowledge.