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Making agriculture work for nutrition: Synthesis of guiding principles







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    Synthesis of Guiding Principles on Agriculture Programming for Nutrition 2013
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    Since the food crisis in 2008, the L’Aquila commitments to agriculture - as well as increased investments in agriculture from multilateral development institutions and foundations - have led to increased funding and human resources for agricultural development, and in particular that focused on smallholder and women farmers. At the same time, the Scaling Up Nutrition Framework for Action (2010) and Road Map (2011) have also placed an emphasis on the need for urgent investment to reduce malnutrition, and the United Nations Committee on World Food Security (CFS) is developing a Global Strategic Framework for Food Security and Nutrition (2012). National governments and operational staff have also increased their requests for assistance and guidance from the international development partners on what to do to improve nutrition impact from agriculture. For example, since the inclusion of nutrition as Pillar 3 in the CAADP, African nations are seeking improved knowledge and capacity in this area. The main underlying determinants of adequate nutrition are access to adequate nutritious food, healthy environments and access to health services, and adequate care practices for children and mothers. In turn, these underlying causes are affected by an array of basic causes, such as the political environment, gender equity and economic resources.1 Therefore, nutritional improvement will come from approaches within many sectors that aim to impact the underl ying determinants of nutrition – or “nutrition-sensitive” development – in addition to “nutrition-specific” approaches that directly affect the immediate determinants of nutrition (food intake and disease).2 Agriculture is of fundamental importance to human nutrition, both as a direct determinant of household food consumption and through its role in livelihoods and food systems. There is a growing understanding that agricultural development provides an obvious and needed entry point fo r efforts to improve nutrition. At the same time, agricultural investments targeted to smallholder farmers are more likely to succeed if they address the human capital constraints due to malnutrition.
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    Organic agriculture is increasingly under the spotlight for being a promising approach to address the challenges raised by the increasing demographics and urbanization as well as climate change. In the eyes of consumers, this often translates into healthier, safer, tastier and more environmentally friendly foods. But the “organic” certification actually indicates products that are produced in accordance with certain standards throughout the production, handling, processing and marketing stages, and which aim at a different set of benefits: better incomes for small-scale farmers and increased food security, environmental benefits such as improved soil and water quality and biodiversity preservation, and improved animal welfare. Therefore, while organic agriculture may relate to a set of different improved practices, the term organic in and of itself is not a guarantee of food safety. Finally, organic agriculture can be considered as part of the broader approach of agroecology, where ecological concepts and principles are applied in order to optimize interactions between plants, animals, humans and the environment, and consideration is given to social aspects that need to be considered for a sustainable and fair food system.
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    The Russian Federation and Ukraine are among the most important producers of agricultural commodities in the world. Both countries are leading suppliers of agricultural products to global markets, where exportable supplies are often concentrated in a handful of countries. The Russian Federation is also a leading producer and exporter of fuels and fertilizers. The war in Ukraine is resulting in growing global market tightness, lifting prices for food, fertilizers and fuels to new highs. This report reviews the main market risks associated with the conflict, assesses the impacts on global food supplies and food security and puts forward policy recommendations and proposals to deal with the situation.
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    Status of the World's Soil Resources: Main Report 2015
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    The SWSR is a reference document on the status of global soil resources that provides regional assessments of soil change. The information is based on peer-reviewed scientific literature, complemented with expert knowledge and project outputs. It provides a description and a ranking of ten major soil threats that endanger ecosystem functions, goods and services globally and in each region separately. Additionally, it describes direct and indirect pressures on soils and ways and means to combat s oil degradation. The report contains a Synthesis report for policy makers that summarizes its findings, conclusions and recommendations.

    The full report has been divided into sections and individual chapters for ease of downloading: