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DocumentSocio-economic implications of climate change for tea producing countries 2015
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No results found.Tea plays a significant role in rural development, poverty reduction and food security in developing countries and is one of the most important cash crops in the world. Climate change is an important environmental issue and impacts greatly tea on growth and production as tea is mainly grown under rain-fed mono-cropping systems and weather conditions determine optimal growth. The effects of climate change on the tea economy and the mitigating measures that should be adopted are not yet well under stood. Tea growing areas of Asia and Africa have reported on declines of tea production mainly caused by changes in climate. Prioritising mitigation and adaptation measures highlighted by the Working Group on Climate Change (WGCC) of the Intergovernmental Group on Tea (IGG/Tea) and an analysing the costs and benefits of implementing them would need to be undertaken. This information would be helpful to countries in formulating appropriate strategies and policy frameworks to deal with the possibl e effects of climate change on their respective tea sub-sector. -
Book (series)Report of the Expert Consultation on the Assessment of Socio-economic Impacts of Aquaculture. Ankara, Turkey, 4–8 February 2008. 2008
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No results found.This Expert Consultation was convened with the aim of identifying socio-economic impacts of aquaculture and a universally acceptable method for assessing them. The goal was also to advise FAO on future work in the area of socio-economics of aquaculture. The Consultation debated on the many positive and negative impacts of aquaculture, including those on land and land-based habitats, water and wild species, the downstream and upstream industries of aquaculture, infrastructure, incomes, employment , food supply, food quality and safety, food access, food stability, human health, education and training, population and demography, and community and social order, and emphasized that these impacts have profound interdependence and far-reaching socio-economic implications, which makes the task of assessing them difficult. There was a wide consensus amongst experts that multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) as a measurement technique is a su itable method for assessing socio-economic impacts in a situation where multiple attributes are important and cannot be easily reduced to a single monetary measure of impacts as is the case in aquaculture. However, because of the tangibles which can be evaluated in monetary terms and the intangibles which are difficult to quantify in monetary value in socio-economics of aquaculture, and given the wide range of impacts to assess as well as various circumstances, experts agreed that there is no si ngle method which could be used to assess the socio-economic impacts of aquaculture. In addition to MCDM using AHP, they suggested that other techniques such as the “costs benefits analysis” (CBA) could also be used depending on circumstances. They recommended that FAO carry out case studies in a certain number of developed and developing countries on assessing the socio-economic impacts of aquaculture using AHP, CBA and another technique in order to test and compare the applicability and result s of these methods in assessing socio-economic impacts of aquaculture. It was also recommended to develop a user guide on the implementation of these methods and build capacity in developing countries in using the identified techniques. Other needs for future work in socio-economics of aquaculture were also identified. -
DocumentRangeland degradation and socio-economic changes among the Bedu of Jordan: results of the 1995 IFAD Survey 1998
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No results found.The paper describes the pastoral system of the Bedu of Jordan as it existed in 1995, and summarizes the reasons for the changes that have occurred over recent years. The likely course of future development is outlined. Key points 1. The classic literature on the Bedu in Jordan and neighbouring countries has shown regular patterns of transhumance, following traditional routes and associated with particular tribal and subtribal groupings. This situation has been shown as if it still e xisted in quite recent reports. However, in reality, it has all but broken down in favour of a more opportunistic system using trucks and telecommunications to exploit remote pastures. 2. The main reasons for the changes in the Bedu behaviour can be summarized as follows: Availability of trucks to move animals and water; Telecommunications to assess the availability of pasture; Closing of national the frontiers to the pastoralist movement; Breakdown of tr aditional authority systems; and A relatively liberal political climate
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