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No Thumbnail AvailableProjectProgramme / project reportThe culture and use of brine shrimp, Artemia salina, as food for hatchery-raised larval prawns, shrimps and fish in Southeast Asia 1978
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No results found.This paper is based on consultancy tours made in the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia in Southeast Asia. These extended in intermittent periods from June 1976 to November 1978. Four visits were made to the Philippines where work was mainly done with the Aquaculture Department of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) and in Thailand and Indonesia with ongoing FAO/UNDP projects. The work in these countries varied from assistance on the effective use of acquired Artemia sali na in fish hatcheries to raising it in pilot-scale raceways and also initiation of trial cultures in natural saline earth ponds for the production of cysts. -
No Thumbnail AvailableProjectManual / guideBrine shrimp (Artemia salina) inoculation in tropical salt ponds: a preliminary guide for use in Thailand 1979
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No results found.This work paper is prepared in view of the wish of the Thai Department of Fisheries to inoculate salt ponds with Artemia salina to produce cysts. Artemia cysts are used to obtain live food in many aquacultural operations, but especially in the hatchery of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. These inoculations, if successful, could encourage the Thai Government in the future to conduct experiments in large-scale cyst production. Indeed, up to this date, Thailand completely de pends on import of expensive Artemia cysts from abroad. The yearly expenditure in cysts by the Department of Fisheries for the national fisheries stations, is estimated to be more than US$50 000. The inoculation ponds considered are: (i) ponds in the National Fishery Station at Samut Sakhorn (still to be completed), and (ii) privately-owned salt ponds of salt farmers in the vicinity of the National Fishery Station at Chachoengsao. Although previously, several inoculations in other parts of t he world have proven to be successful, no written guides are yet available. Trial inoculations in Thailand being considered important, the necessity was felt to gather all available information on Artemia inoculations and cyst production into one working paper to serve as guide on improving the chances of a successful experiment. -
No Thumbnail AvailableProjectProgramme / project reportCysts production of Artemia salina in salt ponds in Thailand 1979
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No results found.Techniques for culturing aquatic animals in freshwater, brackishwater and salt water have been improving rapidly. The feed for aquatic animals such as fish, shrimp, crab, etc. during their larval stages is therefore of vital importance. Up to now, the feeds used are planktonic plants and animals, e.g., diatoms, rotifiers, copepods, etc. which are reared in the hatchery or collected from natural breeding grounds. These practices are greatly handicapped by difficulties in obtaining sufficient quan tities of these foods. Artemia salina is one of the most important feeds. It has to be imported in large quantities from abroad. It is imported as dry Artemia cysts, preserved in vacuum packed tins in such a way that they will last for years. Subsequently, these cysts can be hatched whenever deemed necessary in the required quantity. However, the cost of imported cysts is extremely high. An experimental, research, training and development project for freshwater prawn culture at the Chacheongsa o Fisheries Station has been in operation for over 3 years. This project requires an enormous quantity of Artemia for its work. The Station has developed methods of utilizing Artemia to the fullest by conducting research in techniques for its preservation and establishing technical procedures for a new local Artemia rearing industry to replace the necessity of importing cysts. This report will deal briefly with the value of Artemia production and includes the techniques used and results of exp eriments on cyst production in Thai salt ponds.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (series)Technical bookLampreys of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lamprey species known to date. 2011
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No results found.Lampreys are aquatic, jawless vertebrates belonging to the Order Petromyzontiformes. The order comprises 39 species widely distributed in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, but virtually absent in the intervening tropical zone. There is one family in the Northern Hemisphere (Petromyzontidae) comprising 35 species and two families in the Southern Hemisphere (Geotriidae and Mordaciidae) comprising, respectively, one and three species. Lampreys undergo a radical metamorphosis from the l arval to the adult form. While lamprey larvae (ammocoetes) of all species are very similar in their habits (filter–feeding on microorganisms in a freshwater habitat), the adults vary considerably in their mode of life. Some are parasitic and anadromous, others parasitic but restricted to fresh water, while still others are nonparasitic (non–feeding) and restricted to fresh water. The taxonomic characters used to describe ammocoetes and adults are fully explained and illustrated. A key to adults and a partial key to larvae are presented. This catalogue provides an account for each of the 39 species. Each species account gives information on the taxonomy including synonyms, common names, diagnostic features of ammocoetes and adults (with drawings of the adult body and oral disc), habitat and biology, geographic distribution (with map), interest to fisheries and references.