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Book (stand-alone)General interest bookInnovations in financing mechanisms for demand-driven agricultural advisory services
The Chile case, 1978–2014
2018Also available in:
No results found.The Research and Extension Unit (AGDR) of FAO has commissioned a series of case studies on the reform of extension systems in the past decade and the shift towards innovative financing systems for extension. The studies have focused on the relations between the empowerment of farmers and their organizations, their new roles in the advisory systems and the innovative financial mechanisms in extension required to achieve effective pluralistic and demand-led extension and advisory systems, with quality services being relevant for male and female smallholder producers. Four case studies of different modalities of innovative financing mechanisms were undertaken: Danish Agricultural Advisory Services, evolution of the Danish model. The study describes the historic development of the Danish Agricultural Advisory Services (DAAS). This is the case of a national advisory system owned and managed by the farmer organizations and financed with public subsidies combined with farmer/user payments, gradually developed to full user payment. Agricultural Services and Producer Organizations Support programme (PSAOP) from Senegal is the case of reforms towards decentralized demand-led services with structures, procedures and finances for farmers’ demand, negotiation and contracting of advisory services. The farmer organizations were the main drivers of this reform process. Both the supply and demand side are supported with public funding. Financing advisory services for family farmers in Chile. The study describes the programmes of the Institute for Agricultural Development (INDAP) from Chile (1978-2014). The case shows the development of a pluralistic system for extension and advisory services. The system uses competitive grants provided by Government combined with users’ financial contribution to cover the costs of the services. Nariño Dairy Products Cooperative (COLACTEOS) in Colombia is a case of producers’ cooperative-based advisory services as embedded services fully financed through their own processing and marketing activities. A team of advisors is hired by the cooperative for regular services; while other services are contracted on a short term basis. Furthermore, a synthesis was established with a conceptual framework for analysis used to develop a synthesis of the experiences from the four case studies. The synthesis also supplements the cases with a literature review on other cases of similar financing mechanisms and drawsconclusions and recommendations. -
Book (stand-alone)General interest bookInnovations in financing mechanisms for demand-driven agricultural advisory services
The Case of Nariño Dairy Products Cooperative (COLACTEOS) in Colombia
2018Also available in:
No results found.At the request of FAO, the Latin American Center for Rural Development (RIMISP) conducted a case study on the financing mechanisms for the technical advisory services that the Nariño Dairy Products Cooperative (COLACTEAOS) makes available to its members. The purpose is to illustrate the experiences of COLACTEOS’s way of financing advisory services, some of its major effects, and to identify lessons learned that could motivate and guide other countries engaged in reforming their innovation systems and agricultural advisory services in particular. In order to carry out this analysis, information from available secondary sources was used as well as primary sources gathered during a visit to the COLACTEOS headquarters. Interviews were conducted with administrators, technicians responsible for providing technical assistance, staff that oversee and link producers to financial entities and key informants, and individuals familiar with the system and the Bogotá dairy production sub-sector. The study reviews the policies for the agriculture and livestock sector in Colombia and the evolution and current state of rural extension services. In this context, it describes the services offered by COLACTEOS to its members, with an emphasis on technical advisory services and the main financial services, along with the influence of some free trade agreements on the milk sub-sector. The study provides a brief summary of the portfolio of services provided by COLACTEOS and discuss the details of technical advisory services and financial services provided to producers, and describe the relationships between technical advisory services and financial services. The study describes the mechanisms for financing the technical advisory services, how the producers participate in influencing the services and some of the effects on dairy production. Finally, the study present a section containing conclusions and lessons learned. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookInnovations in financing mechanisms for demand driven agricultural advisory services. Evolution of the Danish model 2015
Also available in:
No results found.The study describes the historic development of the Danish Agricultural Advisory Services (DAAS). This is the case of a national advisory system owned and managed by the farmer organizations and financed with public subsidies combined with farmer/user payments, gradually developed to full user payment. The links and relations between the empowerment of farmers and their organizations, their evolving roles in advisory systems, and the innovative financial mechanisms in extension, especially pull- mechanisms, are analyzed. The study also looks at the effectiveness and impact of the advisory system, advice and accountability of advisory services to small-scale male and female producers. It draws out lessons learned from this that can relate to other countries engaged in reforming their advisory services.
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Book (series)Technical studyPacific oyster farming
A practical manual
2024Also available in:
No results found.The purpose of this manual is to give the reader a foundation of practical knowledge regarding all aspects of Pacific oyster cultivation. It is targeted at new entrants to the market wishing to establish a farm, and existing operators who wish to develop their farms and explore new cultivation techniques. The methodologies described can be applied both to low-tech, low budget, small-scale farming operations and to high-tech, big budget, industrial-scale aquaculture production enterprises. This guide focuses on the functional expertise and technical equipment required to construct and manage an operational farm in the diverse environmental and physical locations in which they can be situated, from the initial stages of finding and selecting a suitable site, to the conclusion of the first production cycle and harvesting the crop. The manual contains a brief introduction which describes the relevance of the species with regards to global aquaculture production figures and how it can form an important part of future food production strategies. Chapter 2 describes the anatomy and biology of Crassostrea gigas and gives an indication as to the environmental conditions in which the species thrives as well as the pathologies and predators that can result in poor health leading to potential mortalities. Chapter 3 deals with all aspects of undertaking a survey of potential oyster farming sites and what data should be collected and examined to assess a site’s suitability, but also which areas are best suited to different cultivation techniques. After this, Chapter 4 introduces the main farming techniques that will be described in detail in the following chapters, which includes off-bottom cultivation, on-bottom cultivation, and suspended cultivation, and gives details of some of the most common cultivation equipment necessary to undertake these operations. The techniques and strategies necessary to procure seed oysters and how to develop them through the nursery stage are also introduced. This includes the basic principles of upwelling, which then leads into Chapter 5, which provides a detailed description of how to build and operate one particular example of a Floating Upwelling System (Flupsy) which is suitable for use in remote but sheltered conditions. Chapters 6, 7 and 8 constitute the main body of the manual and provide an in-depth look into the three major cultivation techniques that this guide concentrates on: “Farming with trestles and bags in the intertidal zone”, “On-bottom cultivation in the intertidal or subtidal zone” and “Offshore longline cultivation”. -
Book (series)High-profileOECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2023-2032 2023The Agricultural Outlook 2023-2032 is a collaborative effort of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It brings together the commodity, policy and country expertise of both organisations as well as input from collaborating member countries to provide an annual assessment of the prospects for the coming decade of national, regional and global agricultural commodity markets. The publication consists of 11 Chapters; Chapter 1 covers agricultural and food markets; Chapter 2 provides regional outlooks and the remaining chapters are dedicated to individual commodities.
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Book (stand-alone)General interest bookВопросы лесного хозяйства и агролесоводства в национальных планах адаптации
Вспомогательные руководящие принципы
2023Данная публикация «Вопросы лесного хозяйства и агролесоводства в национальных планах адаптации: вспомогательные руководящие принципы» представляет собой техническое руководство по интеграции лесов, агролесоводства и деревьев в процесс разработки и реализации НПА. Его цель – информировать разработчиков политики и государственных служащих, ответственных за планирование и процессы в рамках НПА, а также субъектов деятельности в области лесного хозяйства и других заинтересованных сторон о потребностях лесного хозяйства и агролесоводства для адаптации и их потенциале для поддержки адаптации других отраслей, подотраслей и видов деятельности.