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Site selection criteria for marine finfish netcage culture in Asia

Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia

Year of publication 1989

Pages p. 21

Author Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division

Product type Project

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) Netcage culture is a popular method of rearing finfish along the coastline. This new technology utilizes little physical facilities, less space, low initial investment and is moderately inexpensive to operate. Another advantage is the easy and fast harvesting of live fish which fetch higher price in the market. There are two general types of cages, floating and stationary. A floating cage is made up of a floating unit from which a single or a series of netcages are suspended. Some of them are mobile and can be easily towed away. A stationary cage, on the other hand, is tied to fixed poles at their corners. In Asia, finfish like grouper (Epinephelus tauvina), seabass (Lates calcarifer), snapper (Lutjanus spp.) and siganid (Siganus spp.) are cultured in commercial scales in tropical countries such as Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Hong Kong. While other finfish like red sea-bream (Pagrosomus major), black sea-bream (Sparus microcephalus), yellow tail (Seriola quinqueradiata), flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) etc., are cultured in temperate waters, such as in China, DPRKorea, ROKorea and Japan. Proper site selection for marine netcage culture is of paramount importance as it may considerably affect construction costs, operating costs, growth and survival rate of the fish, and the period of usefulness of the cages. Although floating cages can be usually towed away, sometimes it is not economical to do so

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    Five sites have been selected for the development of pilot culture farms in accordance with their relative suitability and also proximity to three categories of market outlets. An initial pro-forma statement of income each for three of these sites is attempted based on initial information on costs and extrapolated maximum gross annual yield. An overall development programme and strategy for the culture of marine finfishes is proposed.
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    As indicated already chemical features of water like the other characteristics of water are most important in deciding on the suitability of a site for aquaculture. Site selection from the major habitat point of view is obviously chemically related. The types of waters are classified for culture according to the salt content (salinity) of the medium - the common distinctions are the freshwater, brackish water and marine and then hard and soft water at the lower scale. The suitability of the me dium would be decided on the specific organisms to be cultured and the specific culture systems to be used. Thus the physical aspects of water have already been referred to. Now we shall look at the chemical aspects of water, including dissolved gases, such as oxygen carbon dioxide and ammonia, and concentrations of various ions, and their summated effects (eg. pH, dissolved solids, conductivity etc). As for some of the other major factors the chemical factor alone could rule out a site, i.e. in case proper reclamation, in view of economics) is not possible. The importance of chemical factors, is owing to their lethal and sublethal effects on culturable organisms, and also owing to their effect on biological productivity, i.e. productivity of the organism in the food chain. This aspect is discussed separately under ‘Biological Productivity’. A review through the various chemical factors as done hereunder should enable one to establish criteria to select or reject a site for aquacul ture. As this needs considerable information on the background, we have accepted to provide such information as needed. One should refer to more elaborate references as indicated at appropriate places herein if further information is required.
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