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DocumentOther documentA preliminary study on ecological features of two natural enemies against two vectors of pine wilt disease for mass rearing in Korea
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Two species of the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), M. alternatus and M. saltuarius are well-known as vectors of the pine wilt disease and they causes economically damages in South Korea. Among various control methods to reduce the density of vectors, a method by biological control agents (natural enemies) is eco-friendly indispensable. Since 2017, we have carried out the studies on the parasitic natural enemies againt for the vector species and found two parasitoids, Spathius verustus Chao, 1977 (Braconidae) and Cyanopterus flavator (Fabricius, 1793) (Bracondiae), would be a useful agents for biological controls. For accumulation of biological data, we conducted a preliminary study on life span and parasitic rate of two parasitic wasps against for two vector species. As results, we found that S. verustus has the longest adult life span of 33.4±19.2 days (avg.) in M. alternatus (T=30°C, H=60%) and C. flavator has the longest adult life span of 25.1±10.6 days (avg.) in M. alternatus (T=25°C, H=60%). The average parasitic rate (62.5%) of S. verustus was highest in M. alternatus (T=30°C, H=60%). In addition, it is confirmed that the offsprings of S. verustus can be made by parthenogenetic reproducton. Keywords: Research ID: 3622037 -
DocumentOther documentExperimental analysis of the effect of pine needle ash on water movement of forest soil
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The effect of the ash layer on the infiltration capacity of the wildfire-affected area depends on the type of ash, the thickness of the ash layer, and the rainfall characteristics. In this study, the sealing and clogging of the soil were quantitatively analyzed according to the thickness of the ash layer and the intensity of rainfall, and the effects of these phenomena on the infiltration capacity of the soil were comparatively analyzed.
As a result of analyzing the porosity according to the soil depth using the resin impregnation method, the average porosity at a depth of 0 – 5 mm was reduced by up to 29% and at least 9% compared to the soil without ash layer (control), and the average porosity at a depth of 0–10 mm decreased up to 54 %, at least 10%. At a soil depth of 5–10 mm, the degree of pore reduction decreased with increasing ash thickness at the same rainfall intensity. At the ash thickness of 20 mm, the porosity at a soil depth of 10–15 mm decreased for more than 10-year rainfall. The porosity index according to the average porosity of soil depth 0-15 mm and the infiltration rate of clogged soil had a positive correlation, and when the porosity index decreased by 1%, the soil infiltration rate decreased by 0.0003812 cm/s. Keywords: Deforestation and forest degradation, Monitoring and data collection ID: 3623004 -
DocumentOther documentInsecticidal activity of Thuja occidentalis essential oil and monoterpenoids with surfactants against the Myzus persicae
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This study is Insecticidal activity of Thuja occidentalis essential oil and monoterpenoids with surfactants against the Myzus persicae. T. occidentalis essential oil and monoterpenoids were tested through fumigant insecticide activity. Spraying insecticide activity was deterimed to concentration (1%, 5%, 10% and 15%) of T. occidentalis essential oil, terpinyl acetate and bornyl acetae. The result of fumigant insecticide activity was T. occidentalis essential oil showed insecticide in 60% for 12 hours and 100% for 24 hours at does of 2ul after treatment. Spray insecticide activity was T. occidentali essential oil at does of 15% leading to the 100%, terpinyl acetate at does of 10% leading to the 100% death for 30 hour, bornyl acetae at does of 15% was showed 82% death for 30 hours. T. occidentalis essential oil 15% with Nonyl phenol-10 mole-phosphate 8% and terpinyl acetate 10% with Tween #20 8% were leading to the 100% death for 30 min. This result and indicate that T. occidentali leaf essential oil-derived materials might be useful in enclosed spaces such as storage bins, glasshouses, or buildings because of their fumigant action, spray action provided that a carrier giving a slow release of active material can be selected or developed. Keywords: Research ID: 3622257
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Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated. -
Book (series)YearbookWorld Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2024 2024
Also available in:
No results found.The Statistical Yearbook 2024 offers a synthesis of the major factors at play in the global food and agricultural landscape. Statistics are presented in four thematic chapters, covering the economic importance of agricultural activities, inputs, outputs and factors of production, their implications for food security and nutrition and their impacts on the environment. The Yearbook is meant to constitute a primary tool for policymakers, researchers and analysts, as well as the general public interested in the past, present and future path of food and agriculture. -
Book (series)FlagshipEl estado de la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición en el mundo 2022
Adaptación de las políticas alimentarias y agrícolas para hacer las dietas saludables más asequibles
2022El informe de este año debería disipar cualquier duda que quede de que el mundo está retrocediendo en sus esfuerzos por acabar con el hambre, la inseguridad alimentaria y la malnutrición en todas sus formas. Solo nos separan ocho años de 2030, pero la distancia para alcanzar muchas de las metas del ODS 2 es mayor cada año. Realmente se están realizando esfuerzos para avanzar hacia el cumplimiento del ODS 2, aunque están resultando ser insuficientes en un contexto más difícil e incierto. La intensificación de los principales factores causantes de las tendencias recientes de la inseguridad alimentaria y la malnutrición (a saber, los conflictos, los fenómenos climáticos extremos y las perturbaciones económicas), junto con el elevado costo de los alimentos nutritivos y las crecientes desigualdades, seguirán dificultando la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición. Y así será hasta que los sistemas agroalimentarios se hayan transformado, sean más resilientes y proporcionen alimentos nutritivos a un menor costo y dietas asequibles y saludables para todos, de manera sostenible e inclusiva. Last update 15/12/2022