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DocumentOther documentThe effect of modification of hydroxy group of alkanol and benzyl alcohol to hydroxyalkyloxy group on nematicidal activity against pine wood nematode
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes devastating damage to pines worldwide. Control and prevention of pine wood disease (PWD) in Korea is primarily trunk injection of abamectin and emamectin benzoate. Previously we found the nematicidal activity of 2-(1-undecyloxy)-1-ethanol (monochamol), which is reported to be aggregation pheromone of its vectors, Monochamus species, was as same to that of abamectin. Since then, we tried to develop new agent for controlling and preventing PWD using alkyloxyalkanols (ROR’OH) and benzyloxyalkanols (BzOROH). We synthesized ROR’OH and BzOROH by substituting hydroxy group (–OH) to hydroxyalkyloxy group (–OROH) and tested their nematicidal activity against PWN. As controls, monochamol and abamectin were also tested. The substitution –OH group to –OROH affected the nematicidal activity increasingly. The nematicidal activity was different according to total carbon chain length in compounds, although the compounds have same molecular formula. It may be due to the different position of oxy group in the compound of alkyloxyalkanol LC50 values of C10OC4OH, C6OC8OH, C10OC2OH and C12OC2OH were as same as that of monochamol. Substitution of hydroxy group of benzyl alcohol enhanced the nematicidal activity of new compound. Here, we will report the nematicidal activity changes by substitution –OH of alkanol and benzyl alcohol to –OROH. Keywords: Agriculture, Research ID: 3619465 -
ArticleJournal articleShort-term effects of forest fire on soil erosion in Korea: Case study of 2020 Andong forestfire
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest fire can devastate forest landscape. After the fire excessive runoff and soil erosion might occur, thus turning once fully functional forestland into degraded forest without topsoil and nutrients. It is important understand how soil erosion changes and burned area recovers with time. This study accessed the short-term effects of forest fire on soil erosion by monitoring sediment yields during wet summer season after a fire, using a total of twelve 5m x 10m silt fences from canopy fire, ground fire, and control areas (no fire) in Andong where 2020 hectares of forestland were burned in April of 2020. All silt fences were located at east-facing hillslopes with 45–55% steepness and conifers. The soil texture of canopy and ground fire areas was sandy loam, and control area was loam. The four sediment observations were made during the monitoring: An average of 158.0 kg ha-1 from canopy fire area, 0 kg ha-1 from ground fire area and 0 kg ha-1 from control area with accumulated rainfall of 53.0 mm (on 7/4); 1,077.5, 28.4, and 8.3 kg ha-1 with 174.5 mm (7/17); 1800.0, 116.7, and 3.2 kg ha-1 with 275.5 mm (8/4–5); 2340.0, 22.0, and 27.5 kg ha-1 with 226.5 mm (8/25); 580.0, 1.9, and 0.7 kg ha-1 with 156.8 mm (9/14&16); and 12.3, 2.3, and 0.5 kg ha-1 with 3.1 mm (10/5–6). The results indicated extremely high soil erosion occurred from canopy fire area and minimal erosion occurred from ground fire and control areas where no significant difference was found. Conifers defoliated due to stress from ground fire and fallen needles provided ground cover, thus preventing soil erosion. The ground covers measured from canopy fire, ground fire and control areas were 27.5%, 82.4% and 99.7% on 7/3 and 59.9%, 85.5% and 99.1% on 10/5, showing a large difference between canopy and ground fire areas with conifers. This study showed the importance of ground cover to mitigate post-fire erosion, and erosion control measures, such as mulching, should be considered to increase ground cover. Keywords: forest fire; ground cover; postfire soil erosion; sediment; silt fence ID: 3486822 -
DocumentOther documentImprovement of reclaimed soil for sustainable wood energy forest and analysis of growth inhibitory factors by growing season of Populus euramericana
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.In this study, the effect of soil amendment and ferilization on soil physicochemical properties and tree growth(Populus euramericana) in reclaimed land was investigated. The stduy plot were established with two tillage levels and three soil additive levels: control(till 20cm, additives 0kg), T1(20cm, 4kg), T3(40cm, 8kg); each soil amendment treatments can be divided by two fertilization treatment(N: non-ferilized, F: ferilized). The first year after soil amendment treatments, NaCl and EC decreased compared to pre-treatment; however, there were no differences among the four treatments. The organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus measured 3years after treatments, significantly increased compared to control while EC and NaCl notably lowered than control. Especially, EC in all treatments except the control was within the optimum range of tree growth(below 0.4dS/m). In terms of fertilization, chlorophyll concentration(SPAD) and biomass productivity in fertilization treatment were hight than no-fertilized treatment. The PCA analysis was performed to examine the relationship between soil abiotic properties and poplar growth each at the initial stage(rootage) and after rootage. The PCA analysis indicated that the major factor for poplar growth each at the initial stage was soil physical properties which play an important role in the early root development. After root development, soil pH and NaCl in the soil were the major growth inhibitory factors. This findings confirmed that the essential conditions for the efficient production of the wood energy feedstock in the reclaimed land were soil physical properties at the initial stage of (Populus euramericana) (before rootage) but soil chemical properties became important at the lateralstage of (Populus euramericana). Keywords: Adaptive and integrated management, Climate change, Economic Development ID: 3622988
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BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideProcessing of fresh-cut tropical fruits and vegetables: A technical guide 2010
Also available in:
No results found.There has been a marked upward trend in production and consumption of fruits and vegetables in Asia and the Pacific in recent years. Along with rising consumer demand has come greater awareness of food safety issues and increased need for convenience and quality. Selection of high quality horticultural produce for processing and implementation of good practices during processing operations are required to assure both the quality of the produce and the safety of the final product. This technical guide reviews, from a theoretical and practical perspective, the critical issues that must be addressed for fresh-cut produce to meet consumer demand for convenience, quality and safety. A case study on fresh-cut processing in Thailand is included. The guide should be of practical value to small processors, trainers and extension workers who provide support to individuals engaged in production of fresh-cut tropical produce for sale. -
Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated.