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Book (stand-alone)Smallholders and Family Farmers
Factsheet
2013Smallholders are small-scale farmers, pastoralists, forest keepers, fishers who manage areas varying from less than one hectare to 10 hectares. Smallholders are characterized by family-focused motives such as favouring the stability of the farm household system, using mainly family labour for production and using part of the produce for family consumption -
Book (stand-alone)Urban Consumers
Factsheet
2013By 2020, the proportion of the urban population living in poverty could reach 45 percent, or 1.4 billion people. By then, 85 percent of poor people in Latin America, and almost half of those in Africa and Asia, will be living in towns and cities. Food and nutrition security for urban dwellers is at stake. It is estimated that about two-third of the urban slum population is comprised of people who come from rural areas in search of better livelihoods. With rapid urbanization and increas ing urban food and agricultural activities, urban food systems have become a nexus that addresses many issues simultaneously. Every year, 19.5 million hectares of agricultural land is converted to spreading urban centers and industrial developments, but urban space used for food production contributes to growing greener cities -
Book (stand-alone)Bioenergy and Biofuels
Factsheet
2013Bioenergy accounted for roughly ten percent of the world total primary energy supply in 2009. Most of this is consumed in developing countries, where between two and three billion people rely on solid biomass (wood, charcoal, agricultural residues and animal waste) for cooking and heating, often in open fireplaces or traditional cook stoves. Biomass refers to non-fossil material of biological origin, such as energy crops, agricultural and forestry wastes and by-products, manure or microb ial biomass. Biofuel is fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass such as fuelwood, charcoal, bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas (methane) or biohydrogen. However, most people associate biofuel with liquid biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel and straight vegetable oil). In this note the term ”biofuels” refers to liquid biofuels used for transport. Bioenergy is energy derived from biofuels.
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