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Policy guidance on the elimination of child labour in fisheries and aquaculture









ILO and FAO. 2025. Policy guidance on eliminating child labour in fisheries and aquaculture. Geneva, ILO, Rome, FAO.


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    Booklet
    Tackling child labour in fisheries and aquaculture
    Background paper
    2021
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    The global aquatic food industry, long under scrutiny over environmental sustainability concerns, has also come under increased scrutiny within the past decade over poor working conditions and severe human rights violations, including widespread use of forced labour and child labour. However, there is limited research and documentation available on child labour in fishing, aquaculture and fish and aquatic food processing globally. Much of the available evidence is centred on labour conditions in global supply chains. However, due to higher levels of informality, limited law enforcement capacity, and so on, it is more likely that children produce fish and aquatic-sourced foods for local consumption and domestic supply chains. To realize SDG 14 and make fish and other aquatic-sourced food production truly sustainable food systems, it will be necessary to step up efforts to eliminate child labour, protect young workers against the worst forms of child labour (including hazardous work, forced labour, and child engagement in illegal activities) and invest in a healthy, well-educated workforce for the future. This too is necessary to achieve SDG 8 and ensure that the millions of people who derive their living from fishing, aquaculture, and aquatic food processing work under decent conditions. This would entail expanding attention to aquatic food production for local and domestic markets in addition to the products that go into global supply chains. This background paper presents the challenges, opportunities, and recommendations to tackle child labour in fisheries and aquaculture.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Ten years of FAO experience on ending child labour in agriculture in Africa
    A compendium of practices from Malawi, Mali, the Niger, the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda
    2022
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    This compendium is the result of a first-of-its-kind stocktaking exercise looking at FAO activities to address child labour in agriculture in Malawi, Mali, Uganda, the Niger and the United Republic of Tanzania over a decade (2010–2020). It is intended to make a practical contribution to the field of child labour elimination in agriculture, by shedding a light on some of the FAO-supported activities, country processes and practices as well as achievements, and lessons learned. As such, it highlights the general main lessons learned and key messages, outlines and provide details on country processes and related outcomes and achievements on knowledge generation, capacity development, awareness raising, policy advice and promotion of advocacy and partnerships. The contents on these FAO strategies for the elimination of child labour in agriculture are complemented by examples of areas of work such as promoting safe practices and labour-saving technologies and empowering and building the skills of youth aged 15–17 by facilitating school-to-work transition in agriculture.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Child labour among pastoralist communities
    An in-depth case study of Karamoja subregion in northeastern Uganda
    2024
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    This study provides in-depth insights about the status of children working in pastoral communities, engaging in livestock-related activities in the Karamoja subregion of Uganda: it provides key analysis in terms of the prevalence, extent and causes while highlighting policy gaps to address child labour in this specific subsector and community’s social organization. Evidence from this study reveals that children in Karamoja start engaging in unpaid work aged as young as 5 years for unpaid family work, and less than 10 years for paid tasks. The results also show that children are highly exposed to risky activities and at least two of the top five tasks performed by boys and girls are ranked as being very risky. Parents in Karamoja subregion have poor birth records which exacerbate child labour. Given the close association between child labour and education, the study also obtained information regarding school attendance. Lastly, based on these findings with surveyed households, the study identifies key policy implications and recommendations.

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