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Saving livelihoods saves lives 2018













​FAO. 2019. Saving livelihoods saves lives 2018. Rome. 70 pp. 




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    In 2017 famine reared its head, but the international community gave generously and mobilized rapidly to successfully prevent its spread. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017 reported both a rise in the absolute number of people affected by chronic hunger since 2014 and an increase in the global prevalence of undernourishment since 2016. Conflict is the main factor behind this rise in hunger, often exacerbated by severe climate events, like the continued drought in the Horn of Africa. While old conflicts continued without any end in sight, new ones were sparked and millions of people fled their homes in a desperate search for safety, shelter and food. Yet, while we despaired of human capacity for violence, we admired the incredible generosity of neighbouring communities, themselves often struggling to survive, who welcomed them, shared their food and homes and did their best to provide immediate support to these displaced populations. The document provides a summary of major achievements under FAO’s resilience programme, including emergencies, in 2017.
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    The Syrian Arab Republic | Humanitarian Response Plan 2019
    FAO in the 2019 humanitarian appeals
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    The protracted crisis coupled with the most severe drought in decades has resulted in persisting food insecurity along with reduced agricultural production in the Syrian Arab Republic in 2018. Internally displaced people, returnees and host communities are facing large food consumption gaps, depleted coping strategies and a large food expenditure share. As food insecurity levels are expected to remain high, strengthening agricultural production is essential to ensure availability and access to food. FAO requires USD 120 million to assist 3.5 million people during from January to December 2019.
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    The number of people experiencing hunger – both chronic and acute – has been persistently high in recent years. The 2019 edition of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World indicates that the number of people facing hunger rose to 820 million in 2018, up from 811 million in 2017. According to the Global Report on Food Crises 2019, around 113 million people in 53 countries experienced acute hunger in 2018, requiring urgent humanitarian assistance. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has a unique role to play in preventing and addressing acute hunger and supporting countries experiencing food crises to return to a path of growth and prosperity. Protecting livelihoods by providing emergency agricultural assistance from the onset of a crisis is crucial to save lives, while enabling people to produce food and earn an income. In humanitarian contexts, FAO helps people to anticipate and prepare for crises, responds fast to crises and seeks to reduce risks and address vulnerabilities.

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    The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.
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    New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting. Last year’s report showed that the failure to reduce world hunger is closely associated with the increase in conflict and violence in several parts of the world. In some countries, initial evidence showed climate-related events were also undermining food security and nutrition. This year’s report goes further to show that climate variability and extremes – even without conflict – are key drivers behind the recent rise in global hunger and one of the leading causes of severe food crises and their impact on people’s nutrition and health. Climate variability and exposure to more complex, frequent and intense climate extremes are threatening to erode and reverse gains in ending hunger and malnutrition. Furthermore, hunger is significantly worse in countries where agriculture systems are highly sensitive to rainfall, temperature and severe drought, and where the livelihood of a high proportion of the population depends on agriculture. The findings of this report reveal new challenges to ending hunger, food insecurity and all forms of malnutrition. There is an urgent need to accelerate and scale up actions that strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity of people and their livelihoods to climate variability and extremes. These and other findings are detailed in the 2018 edition of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World.