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Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookGlobal atlas of AIS-based fishing activity
Challenges and opportunities
2019Also available in:
No results found.With the advances in information technology, it is becoming possible to create a global database of fishing effort by gear type with an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Such a database has the potential to assist with fisheries management and research around the globe. When initiating this publication, FAO intended to present this potential by reviewing AIS-based data in context of global and regional knowledge on fisheries, and to communicate the main findings as well as strengths and limitations of these data and current processing methodology. The aim of this document, hereafter referred to as the Atlas, is to enable stakeholders to understand the opportunity and challenges of mapping and analysing fishing activity with AIS data. For each FAO Area, based on AIS data, this Atlas presents the number and percentage of vessels broadcasting AIS, the spatial patterns of presence and intensity of fishing activity, and an analysis by gear type. For these data, the Atlas includes detailed methods, case studies, and comparisons with outside data. These comparisons, explanatory text, and caveats are presented with the goal of helping member countries understand how this new dataset can be applied. To ensure the accuracy of the conclusions, over 50 fishery experts from around the world reviewed and assessed the maps, charts, and supporting text produced by the authors and editorial team. -
ArticleJournal articleNurturing Soil Life through Agroforestry – The Roles of Trees in the Ecological Intensification of Agriculture 2023
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No results found.Soil resources constitute the very foundation of agriculture, so sustainable agriculture is inherently dependent on soil health. Soil health reflects the capacity of soil to respond beneficially to agricultural management, maintaining both agricultural production and the provision of varying ecosystem services, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity conservation in the long term. Soil health depends on the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the soil that are required for plant growth and development. Ecological intensification differs from current strategies for agricultural intensification by embracing agroecological transitions to more sustainable agriculture and food systems. This chapter discusses the pivotal role that trees play in building and maintaining the soil health and functional resilience that are required for the ecological intensification of agriculture. It summarizes the current knowledge about functions and impacts of trees on soil health, and highlights the tree/soil biodiversity interactions that drive these functions.