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Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) in powdered follow-up formula: Meeting Report. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series (MRA) 15













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    Enterobacter sakazakii and other microorganisms in powdered infant formula - Meeting report. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series (MRA) 6 2004
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    Microorganisms, and in particular Enterobacter sakazakii, in powdered infant formula are considered to be an emerging public health issue. This issue was recently brought to the attention of the Codex Alimentarius, which has decided to revise its Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practices for Foods for Infants and Children in order to address concerns raised by pathogens that may be present in infant formula. FAO and WHO convened an expert meeting with the objective of providing scien tific advice to facilitate this revision process. This volume reports on the findings of that meeting. E. sakazakii has caused disease in all age groups. Statistics indicate that infants, in particular pre-term, underweight or immunocompromised infants, are at greatest risk. Powdered infant formula is not a sterile product and may occasionally contain pathogens even when it meets the current Codex standards. This report looks at range of control strategies during both manufacture and subsequen t use of powdered infant formula that may be implemented to minimize the risk. This volume and others in this Microbiological Risk Assessment Series contain information that is useful to both risk assessors and risk managers, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, governments and food regulatory agencies, industries, care givers to infants and other people or institutions with an interest in the area of microorganisms in powdered infant formula, their impact on public health and food trade, and p otential control strategies.
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    Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella in Powdered Infant Formula: Meeting Report. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series (MRA) 10 2006
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    The 37th Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (2005) requested the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to extend the scientific advice provided by the expert meeting on “Enterobacter sakazakii and other microorganisms in powdered infant formula” held in Geneva in 2004 (FAO/WHO, 2004). Accordingly, a technical meeting was convened on E. sakazakii and Salmonella in powdered infant formula (FAO, Rome, 16-20 January 2006) to consider any new scientific data and to evaluate and apply a quantitative risk assessment model for E. sakazakii in powdered infant formula (PIF). This technical meeting also aimed to provide input to Codex for the revision of the Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practice for Foods for Infants and Children.
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    Case study: Listeria monocytogenes in smoked fish
    Background paper for the Joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on the development of risk management strategies based on microbiological risk assessment outputs - Kiel, Germany, 3-7 April 2006
    2006
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    Listeria monocytogenes is a gram positive, facultatively anaerobic, psychrotrophic bacterial species that is capable of causing life-threatening septicaemia and meningitis in adult humans, and infections in foetuses and neonates that can lead to spontaneous abortions, foetal death, and septicaemia. This is typically a disease of specific high risk subpopulations with depressed or altered immune responses due to age, pregnancy, medical interventions, or chronic, immunosuppressive diseases (e.g., diabetes, HIV infections). In the past 20 years it has been established that the primary route of transmission for this pathogenic microorganism is food, with ready-to-eat foods that support the growth of the bacterium representing the greatest risk to the consumer; i.e., foods with high levels of L. monocytogenes are much more likely to cause listeriosis than low levels.

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