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BookletPosition paperMonitoring and reporting of gender equality in landownership in Albania
The empowerment of rural women, gender-responsive land policies and the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal Indicators 5.a.1 and 5.a.2. Assessment report 2025
2025Also available in:
No results found.Agricultural land is an important productive asset for rural populations in Albania. Even though rural women are the backbone of the rural economy, they own just over one-tenth of the land. Limited land ownership hinders women’s empowerment and resilience, compromising the sustainability of agrifood systems. Albania has committed to gender equality, aligning national laws with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and linking its European Union integration efforts with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly on land rights Indicators 5.a.1 and 5.a.2. Responding to the lack of data on SDG Indicators 5.a.1 and 5.a.2 in Albania, this assessment reviews policy frameworks, progress made, challenges faced and key avenues for overcoming them to enable monitoring and reporting. Relevant to SDG 5.a.1, the Government of Albania indicated its readiness to collect sex-disaggregated data. However, some technical challenges remain, requiring stronger capacity building and technical support. The review and revision of the SDG 5.a.2 questionnaire supports Albania’s reporting process, presenting an opportunity to showcase recent legal reforms that align with the best practices tracked by the SDG 5.a.2 methodology. The assessment concludes that continuous support is needed for enhancing awareness and technical capacity among national institutions about the critical nature of monitoring and reporting of SDG 5.a.1 and 5.a.2. This assessment aims to assist national institutions, FAO and other interested parties in Albania to improve understanding about SDG Indicators 5.a.1 and 5.a.2, and the methodological considerations for collecting legal and statistical data. -
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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureRealizing women’s rights to land in the law
Information note on SDG Indicator 5.a.2
2018Also available in:
No results found.Goal 5 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls” recognizes the fundamental role of women in achieving poverty reduction, food security and nutrition. Target 5.a aims to “Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws”. As the designated custodian for Target 5a, FAO has developed a methodology to support countries in monitoring and reporting on progress in the status of women’s land rights protection. Progress in Target 5.a is measured through two indicators that focus on ownership and/or control over land.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.