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ProjectFactsheetAppui à la plateforme régionale de l’initiative sur la raréfaction de l’eau pour améliorer la productivité de l’eau - TCP/RAB/3602 2020
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The Near East and North Africa (NENA) region is among the areas worst affected by chronic water shortages and, in coming decades, is likely to be faced by the most severe intensification of water scarcity in history. Per capita fresh water availability has decreased by two-thirds over the last forty years and is forecast to decrease by a further 50 percent by 2050. Demographic growth, a tendency to increase food self-sufficiency to reduce vulnerability to imports, price volatility, expanding urbanization, energy demands and overall socio-economic development, exacerbated by the negative impact of climate change and the degradation of water quality, are the main causes behind this intensification of scarcity. Agriculture, which consumes over 85 percent of available fresh water resources in the region, will most likely have to absorb the bulk of this shock, with major consequences for food security and the rural economy. Countries in the region thus need to plan their water resources allocation strategically and to review their water policies to ensure that the best use is made of the water available. To this end, it is essential to quantify the productivity of water use in agriculture. In response to the growing needs of member countries and to help them cope with this enormous challenge, FAO and partners launched in 2013 the Regional Water Scarcity Initiative in the Near East and North Africa. The first output of the Initiative was a Regional Collaborative Strategy (RCS) on Sustainable Agricultural Water Management. This represents a framework to assist countries in identifying and streamlining policies, governance and practice that can sustainably improve agricultural productivity and food security in the region. The overall aim of the project was to support the RCS by enhancing information and experience exchange in the region, by strengthening countries’ capacities to increase water productivity in selected farming systems, and by establishing the capacity to monitor water productivity via remote sensing (RS). The immediate objectives of the project included an updated architecture of RS-based monitoring systems in the project countries, and a standardized assessment of the water productivity of the major crop systems in each country, followed by an identification of good practices and affordable technologies for the increase of water productivity at farm level. -
ProjectFactsheetAssistance technique à la Communauté de développement de l’Afrique australe visant à institutionnaliser l’initiative Grande muraille verte, à suivre sa mise en œuvre et à la transposer à plus grande échelle en Afrique australe – TCP/SFS/3804 2025
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La désertification et la sécheresse sont des obstacles importants au développement durable en Afrique australe, région où les terres arides représentent 18 pour cent de l’ensemble des terres émergées. Le programme d’action sous-régional de lutte contre la désertification a permis de constater que la dégradation des terres et d’autres ressources, en particulier dans les zones arides et semi-arides, constituait un obstacle majeur. La surexploitation des terres agricoles, le surpâturage et la déforestation sont les principales causes de cette dégradation et reposent sur des problèmes socioéconomiques plus profonds, comme une dépendance excessive à l’égard des ressources naturelles. Pour faire face à ces difficultés, la Commission de l’Union africaine a lancé en 2007 l’initiative Grande muraille verte du Sahara et du Sahel, qui, depuis, s’est étendue à l’Afrique australe, avec l’approbation de la SADC en 2016. Cette initiative vise à restaurer les terres dégradées et à améliorer la résilience face au changement climatique.
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