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Genetic diversity of marine fisheries resources - Possible impacts of fishing












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Smith, P.J.Genetic diversity of marine fisheries resources: possible impacts of fishing.FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No.344. Rome. FAO. 1994. 53p.


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    Book (series)
    Status of Interactions of Pacific Tuna Fisheries in 1995
    Proceeding of the Second FAO Expert Consultation on Interactions of Pacific Tuna Fisheries Shimizu, Japan 23 to 31 January 1995
    1996
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    This publication includes forty papers and two abstracts of papers presented at the Second FAO Expert Consultation on Pacific Tuna Fisheries held in Shimizu, Japan, from 23 to 31 January 1995. The topics of the papers include: · reviews of tuna fisheries interactions and their research including methods for their study, · new methods for studying tuna fisheries interactions and examination of their applicability, · case studies on tuna fisheries interactions, · analyses of tuna fisheri es involved in interactions and their management, and · an overview of FAO’s project that co-organized and co-sponsored the Consultation. A supplement of an indexed bibliography of papers on tuna and billfish tagging, which was printed separately, is also included. The objectives of the Consultation were to: · review and integrate the outcome of the studies on tuna fisheries interactions, · summarize the extent of tuna fisheries interactions and unresolved research problems, and · fo rmulate guidelines for research on tuna fisheries interactions. The understanding of tuna fisheries interactions was enhanced significantly by recent studies. However, the Consultation noted that the number of quantified interactions is still small due primarily to difficulties associated with evaluating such interactions. The papers providing supporting information for the conclusions of the Consultation are presented in this publication. Interactions were found to vary in significance depend ing on the biological characteristics of the species involved, the sizes of fish caught, the local and stock-wide rates of exploitation, and the distance among fisheries. In many of the studies presented, the inadequacy of fisheries data was stressed. In addition, the lack of understanding of movements of the fish being studied was noted in several papers. General qualitative guidelines presented in several discussion papers stressed that specifically-designed studies be undertaken to adequately quantify interactions. Well-designed tagging experiments were thought to provide the most reliable information about interactions. Guidelines for the collection of data, biological and ecosystem research, modelling, and alternative methodologies for studying tuna fisheries interactions are also included.
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    Diversité génétique des ressources halieutiques marines - Impacts possibles de la pêche 1995
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    Le prsent rapport s'attache passer en revue l'impact gntique de la pche sur les ressources halieutiques marines. La mthode la plus couramment utilise jusqu'ici pour mesurer la diversit gntique dans les populations naturelles est l'lectrophorse des protines; les tlostens marins prsentent des niveaux de diversit gntique compris entre 0,0 et 18 % et les invertbrs marins entre 0,4 et 32 %. Les tudes gntiques ont montr que les populations d'espces marines sont moins diffrencies que celles d'espces d 'eau douce, qu'elles connaissent des volutions gntiques au cours du temps, qu'elles peuvent tre modifies localement par la pollution et qu'elles contiennent des espces cryptiques. Les changements gntiques dans les populations se produisent par slection ou drive. Chez les populations naturelles, la pche est la principale cause de mortalit qui s'applique de manire non-alatoire l'gard de l'ge et de la taille des individus. Dans les pcheries de poissons tlostens soumises une exploitation intens e, on observe couramment un dclin de l'ge et/ou de la taille la maturit sexuelle. Une pche slective vis--vis de la taille serait de nature favoriser une maturit prcoce. Toutefois, chez certains poissons, le taux de croissance dpend de la densit et augmente mesure que le stock diminue; des taux de croissance plus rapides conduisent une baisse de l'ge ou de la taille de maturit sexuelle. Il n'est donc pas possible de savoir si les changements constats sont d'ordre gntique ou compensatoire en r ponse la rduction de la densit du stock.
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    Forest Genetic Resources 2002
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    The recently released Forest Resources Assessment 2000 (FRA 2000) was based on an intensive, five-year effort carried out by FAO in cooperation with national forestry agencies from nearly every country of the world, a large number of research centres and academic institutions, and a number of international, regional and non-governmental organizations. Within the framework of the FRA programme, a vast amount of information on the status and trends in forest area, natural forests, plantations, pro tected areas, sustainable forest management and other, related variables, was collected and analysed.

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