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La situation de l'alimentation et l'agriculture

Year of publication 2001

Author Shared Services Centre

Product type Meeting

Category Meeting document

Edition 1

Meeting symbol C 2001 2

Language French

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    La Situation Mondiale de l'Alimentation et de l'Agriculture 2005
    Le commerce agricole et la pauvret:le commerce peut-il tre au service des pauvres?
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    La situation de l’alimentation et de l’agriculture 2005 examine les nombreuses façons dont le commerce international et sa libéralisation affectent les populations démunies vivant dans l’insécurité alimentaire. La conclusion est que le commerce joue un rôle de catalyseur en créant des conditions permettant aux pauvres d’améliorer leurs revenus et de vivre une vie plus saine et plus productive. Mais parce que les pauvres survivent souvent dans une extrême précarité, ils sont particulièrement exposés en cas de réforme, notamment à court terme, au moment où les secteurs de production et le marché du travail doivent s’adapter. L’ouverture des marchés agricoles nationaux à la concurrence internationale – notamment de la part de concurrents subventionnés – avant que les institutions et les infrastructures commerciales de base ne soient mises en place peut fragiliser l e secteur agricole et avoir des conséquences négatives à long terme sur la situation économique et la sécurité alimentaire. De cette analyse, il ressort, parmi beaucoup d’autres leçons importantes, que les responsables politiques doivent examiner avec soin comment les politiques commerciales et les politiques complémentaires peuvent être utilisées pour promouvoir une croissance favorable aux plus pauvres. Le rapport recommande une approche, à savoir d’investir dans le capital humain, les institutions et l’infrastructure pour permettre aux pauvres de tirer parti des possibilités offertes par le commerce international, tout en mettant en place des filets de sécurité pour protéger les membres de la société les plus vulnérables.
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    The purpose of planning for forestry development is to establish a workable framework for forest use and conservation which incorporates the economic, social and environmental dimensions on a sustainable basis. The framework is about creating a shared vision of how forests will be used and protected. This can be summed up in a single central question: Trees and forests for whom and for what? The question is not new but what is new is the perception that so many different groups have an interest in the reply. Forestry planning has traditionally been mainly concerned with the production of timber for industry and other wood products, and with forest industry development. Planning for environmental goals also has a long history but was largely restricted to designated areas for exclusive conservation. National forestry development agencies were essentially responsible for the sustained yield management on protected public forest lands and for reserved forests. The term "sustained yield " was mostly limited to wood production and therefore excluded the majority of other forest products and services. Although most forestry agencies have made progress towards multiple-use management, planning remains often biased towards timber in a wide range of countries. Many of the actions taken in order to stimulate forestry development in the immediate failed to sustain the momentum of growth in the longer term. Short term achievements sometimes resulted in degradation or destruction of the stock of natural capital needed in order to maintain growth in the future or reduced options for future end uses by degrading the forest capital.
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