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Hazards associated with animal feed

Report of the Joint FAO/WHO expert meeting, 12–15 May 2015, FAO headquarters, Rome, Italy

Year of publication 2019

Place of publication Rome, Italy ;

Pages 286 p.

Author FAO and WHO

Publisher FAO and WHO ;

Product type Book (series)

ISBN 978-92-5-131909-3

Series title FAO Animal Production and Health Reports

Series number 14

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) The need for feed for terrestrial and aquatic animals continues to rise with the increasing demand for foods of animal origin; however, the challenge is not only to meet the growing need for feed but also to ensure its safety and thus contributing to the safety of the entire food chain. Feed safety incorporates the impact on human as well as animal health and welfare, which, in turn, can affect productivity. Hazards in feed may be inherent to feed ingredients as well as introduced during feed production, processing, handling, storage, transportation, and use. Hazards in feed may also result from accidental or deliberate human intervention. The expert meeting reviewed and discussed potential hazards in feed of chemical, biological and physical origin. It addressed hazards, as well as their occurrence in feed are described, and transfer from feed to food, relevance for food safety, impact on animal health, and emerging issues and trends. In addition, specific consideration was given to feed and products of feed production technologies of increasing relevance, for instance insects, former food and food processing by-products, biofuels (bioethanol and biodiesel) by-products, aquatic plants and marine resources.

Cite this content as:

FAO and WHO. 2019. Hazards associated with animal feed. Report of the Joint FAO/WHO expert meeting – 12–15 May 2015, FAO headquarters, Rome, Italy. FAO Animal Production and Health Report No. 13. Rome.


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    Carryover of veterinary drugs in feed can occur during feed processing, handling, transportation, delivery or in feeding animals on-farm. The risk of unavoidable and unintentional veterinary drug residues from feed carryover and/or transfer from feed to food of animal origin is unacceptable when it causes adverse health effects in target and/or non-target animals and/or humans consuming food originating from these animals. If carryover is not properly managed, contaminated feed can directly harm species that are sensitive to the unintended veterinary drug they consume, and /or can result in residues in food of animal origin such as meat, milk and eggs that render them unsafe for human consumption. Even if residues are not a safety hazard, they can pose regulatory and global trade issue as countries/markets may enforce a “zero” tolerance for residues when appropriate maximum residue limits have not been established. Upon request of the Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (CCRVDF), FAO and WHO convened an Expert Meeting to review the causes of veterinary drug carryover in animal feed and the transfer from feed to food, as well as the known risks to human health and international trade, and suggest appropriate risk management strategies. This report shows the results of the expert discussions, conclusions and recommendations.
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    The expert meeting was jointly organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), in line with their overall aims of securing feed and food safety and ensuring fair practices in the trade of feed and food. The objective of the meeting was to provide an updated overview of the current state of knowledge on hazards associated with feed (including feed and feed production technologies of increasing relevance, such as insects, form er food and food processing by-products and biofuel by-products). The meeting was also intended to provide guidance on the most appropriate use of this information for risk analyses purposes; to identify knowledge gaps and to prioritize future work on the identification of potential hazards of key global concern from the perspective of human and animal health.
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