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Carryover in feed and transfer from feed to food of unavoidable and unintended residues of approved veterinary drugs

Report of the Joint FAO/WHO expert meeting – 8–10 January 2019, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy













​FAO and WHO. 2019. Carryover in feed and transfer from feed to food of unavoidable and unintended residues of approved veterinary drugs. Report of the Joint FAO/WHO expert meeting – 8–10 January 2019, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy. FAO Animal Production and Health Report No. 13. Rome, Italy.





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    The Joint FAO/WHO Technical Workshop on Residues of Veterinary Drugs without ADI/MRL met in Bangkok, Thailand from 24th to 26th August 2004, in order to provide FAO, WHO and Codex with a first analysis of disruptions in food trade that occurred in 2001/2002. The disruptions were caused by the detection of trace amounts of chloramphenicol and nitrofurans in animal products. The experts were asked to identify the scientific, technical and regulatory problems related to these findings and to identi fy appropriate follow-up steps. The rapid progress of analytical methods has resulted in large improvements in detection capabilities of low residue levels of veterinary drugs, and has exposed gaps in the current national and international regulatory systems, leading particularly to major impacts on international trade. Decisive and innovative action, which is both realistic and flexible, is needed to address these gaps.
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    Built around a concise, modular questionnaire, the FAO Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (RVDF) Tool assesses countries’ capacity to analyse and monitor residues of veterinary drugs, including antimicrobials, in foods. The Tool encourages respondents to consider strengthening their capacity to collect residue data relevant to antimicrobial resistence (AMR) management in addition to the core assessment on the basic compliance monitoring capacities for residues. Often, the situation is more positive than countries think. Inspired by the structure of FAO’s Assessment Tool for Laboratories and AMR Surveillance Systems (FAO-ATLASS) tool for AMR surveillance, the RVDF Tool includes separate modules that can beused independently to evaluate national, university or private laboratories. This modular design allows countries to identify specific capacity gaps — even in the absence of a centralized monitoring infrastructure. The Tool is also been useful to donor countries.The success of the RVDF Tool lies in its alignment with the One Health approach. Addressing veterinary drug residues and AMR effectively requires coordinated action across food safety, animal health, environmental protection, and public health. The RVDF Tool encourages this multisectoral collaboration by supporting stakeholder mapping and engagement, helping countries develop integrated, sustainable solutions.
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    In this guidance document on MRLs you will: • compare the drug residue exposure estimates (calculated in Section 4.2) with the relevant health-based guidance values (ADI/ARfD, Section 2) to assess the risk of residues at various times after drug administration;• see how potential MRL values are derived based on 95/95 UTL marker residues, once exposure estimates are deemed sufficiently protective of human health; and• learn about the factors influencing the selection of suitable MRLs, such as withdrawal periods of approved drug products. This publication is part of the FAO JECFA Toolbox for Veterinary Drug Residue Risk Assessment. The toolbox provides practical guidance on the principles, modalities and technical requirements of JECFA in assessing the risks of veterinary drug residues in food and in recommending MRLs.

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