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MeetingReport of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Public Health Risks of Histamine and other Biogenic Amines from Fish and Fishery Products
23-27 July 2012. Rome, Italy
2013Also available in:
No results found.Scombrotoxin fi sh poisoning (SFP) (oft en called “histamine poisoning”) is caused by ingestion of certain species of marine fi sh that contain high levels of histamine and possibly other biogenic amines. Codex Alimentarius through its standards and guidelines aims to provide countries with a basis on which to manage issues such as histamine formation. Several of the existing standards include maximum levels for histamine in diff erent fi sh and fi shery products. Th e need to harmoniz e such limits and produce the associated guidance on the relevant sampling plans and other aspects of sampling resulted in the 31st Session of the Codex Committee on Fish and Fishery Products (CCFFP), which agreed to look into the issue of histamine limits in more detail. Th e Committee established an electronic Working Group in order to facilitate this work and identifi ed the need for scientifi c advice from FAO and WHO to support this work. FAO and WHO convened an expert meeting at the FAO headquarters in Rome from 23 to 27 July 2012 to address the public health risks of histamine and other biogenic amines from fi sh and fi shery products. Th is report summarizes the outcome of that meeting. -
Book (series)Report of the Expert Meeting on Ciguatera Poisoning
Rome, 19-23 November 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Phytoplankton blooms, micro-algal blooms, toxic algae, red tides, or harmful algae, are all terms for naturally occurring phenomena that have occurred throughout recorded history. About 300 hundred species of micro algae are reported at times to form mass occurrence, so called blooms. Nearly one fourth of these species are known to produce toxins. Even non-toxic algal blooms can have devastating impacts when they lead to kills of fish and invertebrates by generating anoxic conditions. Some algal species, although non-toxic to humans, can produce exudates that can cause damage to the delicate gill tissues of fish (raphidophytes Chattonella, Heterosigma, and dinoflagellates Karenia, Karlodinium) . Aquatic animals can suffer devastating mortalities, which could lead economical and food losses, and eventually became a food security problem. Of greatest concern to humans are algal species that produce potent neurotoxins that can find their way through shellfish and fish to human consumers where they evoke a variety of gastrointestinal and neurological illnesses (paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (AZP) and ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP)). Worldwide, ciguatoxins are estimated to cause around 50 000 cases of ciguatera fish poisoning annually; neurological effects may last for weeks or even years and one percent of these cases are fatal . Climate change and costal water over enrichment create an enabling environment for harmful algal blooms, which seem to have become more frequent, more intense and more widespread in the past decades. -
Book (stand-alone)Marine biotoxins 2004
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This paper provides an extensive review of different aspects of five shellfish poisoning syndromes (paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning, neurologic shellfish poisoning, azaspiracid shellfish poisoning), as well as one fish poisoning syndrome (ciguatera fish poisoning). Various aspects of these poisoning syndromes are discussed in detail including the causative toxins produced by marine organisms, chemical structures and analytical methods of the toxins, habitat and occurrence of the toxin producing organisms, case studies and existing regulations. Based on this analysis, risk assessments are carried out for each of these different toxins, and recommendations elaborated to better manage these risks in order to reduce the harmful effect of these toxins on public health.
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