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Report of the Expert Meeting on Ciguatera Poisoning

Rome, 19-23 November 2018

Copyright licence

Year of publication 2020

Place of publication Rome, Italy ;

Pages 156 p.

Author FAO and WHO

Publisher FAO and WHO ;

Product type Book (series)

Category Technical study

ISBN 978-92-5-132518-6

Series title Food Safety and Quality Series

Series number No. 9

Edition 1

To cite or share https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8817en

Synopsis (short abstract) Phytoplankton blooms, micro-algal blooms, toxic algae, red tides, or harmful algae, are all terms for naturally occurring phenomena that have occurred throughout recorded history. About 300 hundred species of micro algae are reported at times to form mass occurrence, so called blooms. Nearly one fourth of these species are known to produce toxins. Even non-toxic algal blooms can have devastating impacts when they lead to kills of fish and invertebrates by generating anoxic conditions. Some algal species, although non-toxic to humans, can produce exudates that can cause damage to the delicate gill tissues of fish (raphidophytes Chattonella, Heterosigma, and dinoflagellates Karenia, Karlodinium) . Aquatic animals can suffer devastating mortalities, which could lead economical and food losses, and eventually became a food security problem. Of greatest concern to humans are algal species that produce potent neurotoxins that can find their way through shellfish and fish to human consumers where they evoke a variety of gastrointestinal and neurological illnesses (paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (AZP) and ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP)). Worldwide, ciguatoxins are estimated to cause around 50 000 cases of ciguatera fish poisoning annually; neurological effects may last for weeks or even years and one percent of these cases are fatal . Climate change and costal water over enrichment create an enabling environment for harmful algal blooms, which seem to have become more frequent, more intense and more widespread in the past decades.

Cite this content as:

​FAO and WHO. 2020. Report of the Expert Meeting on Ciguatera Poisoning. Rome, 19–23 November 2018. Food Safety and Quality No. 9. Rome. 

https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8817en

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