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Book (series)Tropical shrimp fisheries and their impact on living resources 2001
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No results found.As part of the development of the project “Reducing the impact of tropical shrimp trawling fisheries on living marine resources through the adoption of environmentally friendly techniques and practices”, mainly funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), thirteen countries in tropical regions carried out a detailed review of their shrimp fisheries and studies on the environmental impact of these activities. The findings were summarized in national reports. The national reports include : general description of the shrimp fishery (resources, fishing methods and vessel, fishing practice, effort data, shrimp catches and by-catches (including species and size composition and its utilization); regulations and management measures; research activities; impact of present exploitation and fishing practices on the shrimp and fish resources and on the bottom habitat; perception of the present situation by industry, the authorities and environmental organizations; social implications of a djusting fishing to more environmentally friendly practices; priority issues requiring actions to meet acceptable standards of environmentally friendly shrimp exploitation and, finally, a proposal for a relevant National Plan of Action. -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (series)Driftnet fisheries and their impacts on non-target species: a wordwide review 1991Driftnet fisheries throughout the world are discussed and reviewed in relation to current controversies surrounding their usage. In the North Pacific, high seas driftnet fisheries exist for salmon, for squid, and for tunas and billfishes. The Japanese high seas salmon driftnet fishery has declined from a peak of 500 catcher vessels in 1956 to 43 by 1988, each vessel setting around 15 km of netting per night. The 1988 catch was 2550 tonnes of salmon. Non-target species caught have included Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), as well as more than 23 species of seabirds, notably short-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus tenuirostris) and tufted puffins (Lunda cirrhata). High seas drift net fisheries for squid involve over 700 vessels from three nations, taking over 200 000 tonnes of squid annually, using nets typically 40–50 km in length. Non-target catches include northern right whale dolphins (Lissodelphis borealis) and Pacific white-sided dolphi ns (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), as well as more than 20 species of bird, including several shearwater species (Puffinus spp.), numerous fish species, notably blue sharks (Prionace glauca), and also leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). The tuna and billfish high seas driftnet fishery involves more than 500 vessels from Japan and Taiwan (Province of China), catching some tens of thousands of tonnes of albacore, skipjack and other tuna species. Non-target catches are as yet poorly known. Co astal driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific are also briefly addressed, and the limited information on non-target catches is reviewed. High seas driftnetting is due to be phased out of the South Pacific, but in the 1988/89 fishing season up to 194 vessels may have participated, targeting albacore, with estimated catches of up to 52000 tonnes. Non-target catches are known to have included common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) among other cetacean species, leatherback turtles, several bird species and numerous species of pelagic fish. Coastal driftnetting is important in South America, where a variety of larger pelagic fish, including swordfish, are targeted. Large catches of several cetacean species are also recorded, some of them being taken deliberately. High seas driftnetting in the Indian Ocean includes a fleet of some 130 vessels from Taiwan (Province of China), catching up to 20 000 tonnes of albacore and other tunas. Non-target catches are not known. Very large numbers of vessels use driftnets throughout the northern Indian Ocean and Indo-Pacific region in waters under national jurisdiction. In many cases non-target catches are not known, or else most of the catch is utilized. Relatively large catches of cetaceans have been recorded in Sri Lankan driftnet fisheries. A Taiwanese driftnet fishery also operates in the Arafura Sea, and is reported to have taken 20 000 tonnes of tunas, Sharks and spanish mackerel in 1987. In the Atlantic there is good evidence that Taiw23ane se vessels are also operating driftnets for tuna species on the high seas, but detailed information is lacking. Some 40 driftnet vessels, mainly from France, operate on the high seas of the Northeast Atlantic, and these took 750 tonnes of tuna in 1988. Non-target catches include common dolphins and blue sharks. Some 700 Italian swordfish in 1988. Non-target catches include striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). There are numerous other small scale dri ftnet fisheries in the North Atlantic, where harbour porpoises (Phocoena) and several alcid bird species are frequently reported among non-target catches. Criticism of driftnet fisheries are reviewed. Competition with other fisheries is an important consideration, and several factor are considered. Environmental damage is perhaps a more important criticism. Impacts on individual species are considered.
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Book (stand-alone)GESAMP - Assessment and communication of environmental risks in coastal aquaculture. 2008
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No results found.This GESAMP study focuses on environmental risk assessment and communication in coastal aquaculture. To support effectively an open and transparent approach to sustainable resource use, risk assessment and communication must be able to fit within a broader social, economic and environmental decision-making framework. The communication aspects become paramount in enabling sustainable development in that type of decision-making environment. This publication presents a set of objectives, goals, met hodologies and a checklist for assessment and communication of environmental risks which may be associated with coastal aquaculture. It is structured to improve risk communication and to ensure that risk assessment is a scientific exercise in predicting environmental change. A set of six case studies is also presented to illustrate the use of the environmental risk assessment methodologies in coastal aquaculture. These examples of environmental interactions span a range of cultured species from fin fish to molluscs and shrimp. The type of effects studied includes effects on carrying capacity, phytoplankton, kelp, benthic fauna, the genome of wild fishes and salinisation of soils.
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