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Syrian Arab Republic – Post-earthquake rapid needs assessment on agricultural livelihoods and production in the northwest

Data in Emergencies Impact report, April 2023









FAO. 2023. Syrian Arab Republic – Post-earthquake rapid needs assessment on agricultural livelihoods and production in the northwest – Data in Emergencies Impact report, April 2023. Rome.




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    The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) conducted a comprehensive post-earthquake impact assessment in the northwest of the Syrian Arab Republic targeting rural households in 17 subdistricts situated in Aleppo and Idleb governorates. Data were collected between 30 August and 16 September 2023 with a total of 3 325 households surveyed. An additional 60 surveys were conducted strategically to enhance geographical representation by targeting areas that were underrepresented in the initial survey sample, aiming to capture a broader range of perspectives and improve the accuracy and reliability of the data.FAO established Data in Emergencies Impact (DIEM-Impact) to provide a granular and rapid understanding of the impact of large-scale hazards on agriculture and agricultural livelihoods using a variety of assessment methodologies, including primary and secondary information, remote sensing technologies, and FAO’s damage and loss methodology. DIEM-Impact presents a regularly updated and accessible state of food insecurity in fragile environments and helps underpin FAO's programming based on evidence.
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    In February 2023, a powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 struck northern and western Syria, wreaking havoc on infrastructure, agriculture, and communities. A swift geospatial impact assessment was performed in the hardest-hit region, utilizing satellite imagery, remote sensing, and diverse data sources. By employing the Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX) and a hexagonal grid system for enhanced analysis, the study meticulously evaluated the earthquake's effects on people, infrastructure, and cropland. The assessment revealed that approximately 942,262 individuals, constituting 7% of the population, were likely impacted by the disaster. Particularly affected were districts like Elbistan, Battalgazi, Yesilyurt, Pozanti, and Golbasi. The research identified 110 km² of damaged built-up areas, with Jebel Saman, Al Ma'ra, Menbij, Al Bab, and A'zaz among the most affected districts. Moreover, irrigated cropland in districts such as Afrin, Ain Al Arab, A’zaz, As-Salamiyeh, and Al Ma’ra suffered considerable exposure. Notably, the study highlighted the dire effects on irrigation infrastructures, particularly wells in districts like Tartous, Lattakia, and As-Salamiyeh, waterways in As-Suqaylabiyah and Jisr-Ash-Shugur, and dams in Bahlolieh, Mzair'a, and Safita. The assessment’s findings underscore the need for field data collection, agronomic advice, and robust response planning. Looking ahead, enhancing spatial information for assessing natural resources, irrigation infrastructure, and agriculture, through methods like high-resolution satellite imagery and accuracy assessment, could yield significant benefits. The assessment's results also emphasize the importance of establishing a national geospatial database and monitoring platform for irrigated land, thereby fostering more effective disaster preparedness and response strategies.
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    The earthquakes that struck the Syrian Arab Republic on 6 February 2023 caused major damages and losses, affecting both urban and rural areas. For example, buildings collapsed in the main built-up areas; crops, livestock, food stocks and essential agricultural inputs were lost; and irrigation systems and farms were damaged, along with markets and infrastructure. As a result, food consumption gaps have grown further among the most vulnerable people. Given the already dire situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, after 12 years of conflict and crisis, there is an urgent need to address the suffering and uncertainty of the affected communities. In response, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is proposing a three-year Earthquake response and recovery plan (ERRP), seeking USD 45 million to deliver both immediate and longer-term support to severely affected rural communities in the governorates of Aleppo, Hama, Idleb, Latakia and Tartous. Through the ERRP, FAO envisages that affected farming families will save and sustain their livelihoods, build self-reliance, and improve their resilience, ultimately reducing the humanitarian caseload. This document serves as a roadmap for the ERRP and as a resource mobilization tool, presenting the rationale, the expected impact, outcomes and outputs of the ERRP as well as the funding requirements.

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