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ProjectProgramme / project reportFeasibility study on farming, processing and export of Eucheuma (seaweeds) 1996
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No Thumbnail AvailableProjectProgramme / project reportPotential for Eucheuma "cottonii" seaweed farming in Samoa 1999
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No results found.This report identifies coastal sites on Upolu and Savaii islands that have physical features which indicate suitability for cottonii mariculture using the off-bottom constant depth farming method. These sites are located on reef flats at Aleipata and Mulifanuaa on Upolu, and in the Asau Harbour on Savaii. Areas suitable for farming using the floating raft and floating long-line methods are also identified. However, because of the higher cost and higher labour requirement of these methods, comm ercial development using the off-bottom method is recommended. Culture on rafts is only recommended to initially increase ‘seed’ stock from the small quantity of recently re-imported plants from Fiji. Commercially viable farming in Samoa can only properly be assessed by starting some family-owned and operated farms, and monitoring yields and financial returns for effort. The impact of possible negative factors, such as lower salinity in the rainy season and seasonal grazing by juvenile rabbitf ish, are best assessed in commercial farming rather than in experimental trials. The motivation of people to engage in farming is difficult to predict. A farmer price for dry cottonii of SAT 0.75 per kg is recommended, based on estimated trading costs and current world market export prices. This price is above the current producer price for copra. Experience on other Pacific islands indicates cottonii production is an attractive alternative to income from copra, when both commodities are simil arly priced at the producer level. Data is also presented to show that cottonii farming at fertile sites can provide a household income equivalent to SAT 7,000 – 8,000 per annum, which is higher than many current household incomes in Savaii and rural Upolu. -
No Thumbnail AvailableProjectProgramme / project reportPotential for Eucheuma "cottonii" seaweed farming in the Kingdom of Tonga 1999
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No results found.The detailed results from earlier attempts to develop a cottonii farming industry in the Kingdom of Tonga strongly suggest that there is no potential for this activity in the northern island groups of Vava'u and Ha'apai. In Vava'u further trials by Fisheries Division using the hanging long-line method of farming are recommended. This method is untried in Tonga, and may solve the problem of the seasonal destruction of farm stocks by juvenile rabbit fish, which previously prohibited any signific ant commercial farming. Trial results should also be used to determine the economics of long-line farming in Vava'u. The west coasts of Ha'apai islands are generally considered too wave-exposed to justify any new long-line farming trials. Further trials with the off-bottom constant-depth method are possible in the Lifuka Group, but rabbit fish grazing is predicted to be a significant problem. A Fisheries Division farming trial using the off-bottom method is recommended for Niuatoputapu Islan d in the far north. The impact of herbivorous fish is unknown on this island, and it may be considerably less than that in Vava'u and Ha'apai. The long-term survival and growth of cottonii in the Tongatapu lagoon indicates that there may be potential for a small export industry based on production from the coastal villages in the Nukuleka to Navutoka region, at the entrance to the lagoon. Commercially viable farming on Tongatapu can only properly be assessed by starting some family-owned and o perated farms, and monitoring yields and financial returns for effort. The motivation of people to engage in farming is difficult to predict. However, a conservative farmer price of T$ 0.38 per kg. is recommended, based on estimated trading costs and current world market export prices.
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Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
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No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated. -
Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideProcessing of fresh-cut tropical fruits and vegetables: A technical guide 2010
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No results found.There has been a marked upward trend in production and consumption of fruits and vegetables in Asia and the Pacific in recent years. Along with rising consumer demand has come greater awareness of food safety issues and increased need for convenience and quality. Selection of high quality horticultural produce for processing and implementation of good practices during processing operations are required to assure both the quality of the produce and the safety of the final product. This technical guide reviews, from a theoretical and practical perspective, the critical issues that must be addressed for fresh-cut produce to meet consumer demand for convenience, quality and safety. A case study on fresh-cut processing in Thailand is included. The guide should be of practical value to small processors, trainers and extension workers who provide support to individuals engaged in production of fresh-cut tropical produce for sale. -
Book (series)Technical studyMeasuring and assessing capacity in fisheries. 2. Issues and methods 2003
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No results found.This Fisheries Technical Paper provides guidance for the measurement and assessment of fishing capacity, with the aim of facilitating the implementation of the International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. It provides a discussion and overview of the various concepts of capacity and capacity utilization and potential methods for estimating capacity discussed at the FAO Technical Consultation on the Measurement of Fishing Capacity held in Mexico City from 29 Novembe r to 3 December 1999. The paper also introduces some more recent methodologies for examining capacity in fisheries. Its specific objective is to provide the information necessary for developing a widely accepted definition of capacity for fisheries as well as sufficient detail about various methods for estimating capacity to permit an empirical assessment of fishing capacity conditional on the types of data typically available for fisheries. The document initially discusses concepts an d issues necessary for understanding capacity and capacity utilization in fisheries, followed by the primary methods often used to estimate capacity. It also gives empirical examples of how the various approaches can be used to estimate and assess capacity. Finally, a potential framework for assessing overcapacity is presented and discussed.