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ArticleLand use and land use changes by the farmers from mulberry (Morus alba) plantations to green forest tree based farming for income growth and sustainability in Malda district of India
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Malda district was famous for two economic activities viz. Mango (Mangifera indica) cultivation and rearing mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori). Earlier silkworm rearing was a flourishing cottage industry and every households of Kaliachak block reared silkworm for cocoon production. It was the major livelihood of rural farmers but they suffered heavily due to cheap import of silk from China. Thus, the backbone of farmers was crippled, hence they started cultivating various trees in mulberry fields along with agricultural crops for sustaining their livelihood. Present study was undertaken to know how farmers adjusted to new situation, their knowledge about trees, income growth and sustainability. It was observed that mulberry was raised as herb and leaves were fed to the silkworm larvae at home. Traditionally farmers planted Dalbergia sissoo trees on the border of mulberry fields but later on they started planting other trees. A few farmers uprooted their mulberry bushes and converted to Swietenia macrophylla plantation. Some farmers converted their entire land to Mango and Litchi chinensis orchards for long term gains. Besides, some traditional farmers, around 10% still continued with silkworm rearing for their livelihood security but planted few rows of trees like Tectona grandis, D.sissoo, Bombax ceiba, S.macrophylla and Acacia auriculiformis. Few big farmers converted their mulberry fields into ponds for fishery, however, planted Mango and Sissoo on border. The first crops inside the tree plantations were Maize, Papaya and Vegetables which gave farmers quick income. Later, Banana and Citrus were planted. These activities are still continuing, but timber harvesting has also started which will give high returns. These forest tree based land changes not only provided sustainable income growth to farmers, but also made them drought resilient leading to climate change mitigation and adaptation besides conserving plant biodiversity. Key words: Landscape management, Agriculture, Biodiversity conservation ID: 3475637 -
ArticlePlanting design, survival and blue carbon stock of mangrove plantations in Banacon Island, Philippines
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Mangrove forests have the capacity to store and sequester vast amount of atmospheric carbon. Coastal reforestation in the tropics became more popular because of this ecosystem service and their value to protect human from the impacts of tsunami and storm surge. To illustrate mangrove’s blue carbon potential in view of planting design, carbon stock assessment of 20-year old Rhizophora stylosa plantations was done. Tree and sediment carbon stocks were determined using standard nested plot technique. These parameters were further examined in terms of the plant spacing used during the plantation establishment, namely: 0.5m x 0.5m; and 1.0m x 1.0m. Key findings showed that plantations that were established with closer spacing i.e. 0.5m x 0.5m spacing have higher stand density values than those with 1.0m x 1.0m interval by about 23,900 trees ha-1. Survival rate was also significantly higher in the former than the latter with a mean difference of 23%. In view of total carbon stocks, 0.5m x 0.5m spaced stands contain 276.8±11.6 tC ha-1, of which sediment has contributed about 110.1 tC ha-1 (40%). On the other hand, stands of 1.0m x 1.0m spacing have only 157.6±40.1 tC ha-1, wherein 21.3 tC ha-1 (48.2%) is attributable to sediments. Overall findings suggested that planting at a closer spacing (0.5m distance) could produce larger sediment carbon stock. A significant mean difference of 88.80 tC ha-1 was computed in favor of 0.5m x 0.5m stand, which is indicative of two possible reasons: a) thicker vegetation provides larger source organic material through litterfall; b) more interlinked roots help stabilize sediment from erosion while effectively trapping more organic material from other sources during tidal movements. ID: 3477110 -
ArticleTree size diversity and carbon stock of Tectona grandis (Linn f.) standsin hilltop and valley-bottom of Omo forest reserve, Nigeria
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Competition for growth resources contributes to size hierarchy in tree populations. Competition hierarchy of trees is dependent on rate of growth and stages of stand development. However, competition hierarchy in tree population may not cause size symmetry in some stress habitats. Size structure and development of even- aged stand can be influenced by abiotic factors. The study investigated tree size structure and carbon stock of Tectona grandis stands in Valley-Bottom and Hilltop of Omo Forest Reserve. Ten-years-old Teak plantation was delineated into Hilltop and Valley-Bottom stands base on topography. Five (30m x 30m) sample plots were systematically demarcated in each of Hilltop and Valley-Bottom stands. Tree stems were enumerated and densities of both stands were estimated. Total height and diameter-at-breast height were measured using Spiegel Relaskop and Girth tape, respectively, and stem carbon was estimated. Inequality and diversity of stem size of both stands were evaluated. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive, correlation, regression analysis and t-test at α0.05. Stem density of Hilltop (1431.0 stems/ha) was higher than Valley-Bottom stands (1248.0 stems/ha). Mean stem diameter of Valley-Bottom were not significantly different from Hilltop stands. Coefficient of determination (R2 ) of Height-Diameter allometry for Valley-Bottom (0.59) was higher than Hilltop stands (0.45). Diameter distribution of Valley-Bottom and Hilltop expressed bimodality and unimodality, respectively. Inequality was higher in Hilltop than Valley-Bottom for diameter. The stems of Hilltop and Valley-Bottom stands contributed 49.68% and 50.32% of total stem carbon, respectively. Elevation affected the stem size hierarchy and carbon stock distribution of Valley-Bottom and Hilltop habitats. Stems of Valley-Bottom stand could be a good option for carbon sequestration in Omo Forest Reserve. Keywords: Competition hierarchy; Size symmetry; Elevation gradient; Tree height; Tree diameter ID: 3623266
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