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ArticleLand use and land use changes by the farmers from mulberry (Morus alba) plantations to green forest tree based farming for income growth and sustainability in Malda district of India
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Malda district was famous for two economic activities viz. Mango (Mangifera indica) cultivation and rearing mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori). Earlier silkworm rearing was a flourishing cottage industry and every households of Kaliachak block reared silkworm for cocoon production. It was the major livelihood of rural farmers but they suffered heavily due to cheap import of silk from China. Thus, the backbone of farmers was crippled, hence they started cultivating various trees in mulberry fields along with agricultural crops for sustaining their livelihood. Present study was undertaken to know how farmers adjusted to new situation, their knowledge about trees, income growth and sustainability. It was observed that mulberry was raised as herb and leaves were fed to the silkworm larvae at home. Traditionally farmers planted Dalbergia sissoo trees on the border of mulberry fields but later on they started planting other trees. A few farmers uprooted their mulberry bushes and converted to Swietenia macrophylla plantation. Some farmers converted their entire land to Mango and Litchi chinensis orchards for long term gains. Besides, some traditional farmers, around 10% still continued with silkworm rearing for their livelihood security but planted few rows of trees like Tectona grandis, D.sissoo, Bombax ceiba, S.macrophylla and Acacia auriculiformis. Few big farmers converted their mulberry fields into ponds for fishery, however, planted Mango and Sissoo on border. The first crops inside the tree plantations were Maize, Papaya and Vegetables which gave farmers quick income. Later, Banana and Citrus were planted. These activities are still continuing, but timber harvesting has also started which will give high returns. These forest tree based land changes not only provided sustainable income growth to farmers, but also made them drought resilient leading to climate change mitigation and adaptation besides conserving plant biodiversity. Key words: Landscape management, Agriculture, Biodiversity conservation ID: 3475637 -
ArticlePlanting design, survival and blue carbon stock of mangrove plantations in Banacon Island, Philippines
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Mangrove forests have the capacity to store and sequester vast amount of atmospheric carbon. Coastal reforestation in the tropics became more popular because of this ecosystem service and their value to protect human from the impacts of tsunami and storm surge. To illustrate mangrove’s blue carbon potential in view of planting design, carbon stock assessment of 20-year old Rhizophora stylosa plantations was done. Tree and sediment carbon stocks were determined using standard nested plot technique. These parameters were further examined in terms of the plant spacing used during the plantation establishment, namely: 0.5m x 0.5m; and 1.0m x 1.0m. Key findings showed that plantations that were established with closer spacing i.e. 0.5m x 0.5m spacing have higher stand density values than those with 1.0m x 1.0m interval by about 23,900 trees ha-1. Survival rate was also significantly higher in the former than the latter with a mean difference of 23%. In view of total carbon stocks, 0.5m x 0.5m spaced stands contain 276.8±11.6 tC ha-1, of which sediment has contributed about 110.1 tC ha-1 (40%). On the other hand, stands of 1.0m x 1.0m spacing have only 157.6±40.1 tC ha-1, wherein 21.3 tC ha-1 (48.2%) is attributable to sediments. Overall findings suggested that planting at a closer spacing (0.5m distance) could produce larger sediment carbon stock. A significant mean difference of 88.80 tC ha-1 was computed in favor of 0.5m x 0.5m stand, which is indicative of two possible reasons: a) thicker vegetation provides larger source organic material through litterfall; b) more interlinked roots help stabilize sediment from erosion while effectively trapping more organic material from other sources during tidal movements. ID: 3477110 -
ArticleStand biomass and carbon stock of bamboo gigantochloa nigrociliata (Buse) kurz on community plantations, Bali, Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Bamboo is essential ecologically and has a significant role in community livelihood in Indonesia, especially Bali. Tabah bamboo (Gigantochloa nigrociliata Buse-Kurz) is one of the bamboo species that grows in Bali. Communities in Gianyar and Tabanan Districts, with the support PT Bank CIMB Niaga Tbk – KEHATI foundation begin cultivating Tabah bamboo as efforts for biodiversity preservation and economic value-added. Currently, it is widely acknowledged that biodiversity and climate change are interrelated. Efforts to preserve Tabah bamboo through the cultivation it supports give a prominent contribution to mitigation and adaptation of climate change. An assessment of potential carbon stocks on Tabah bamboo was carried out in Gianyar and Tabanan Districts using non-destructive and destructive sampling methods to determine its carbon stock. The non-destructive measurement was carried out to 100 clumps from five planting locations, while the destructive sampling was carried out for 14 bamboo culms. Bamboo culms were sampled based on maturity, divided into saplings, young bamboo, and mature bamboo. Tabah bamboo has an organic carbon content of ± 45.61% of its biomass, which results in the average carbon stock amounted to ±33.7 kg C/clumps in Gianyar District and ± 29.7 kg/clumps in Tabanan District. These carbon stocks are equivalent to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that is absorbed and stored as 124 kg CO2-e/clumps and 109 kg CO2-e/clumps in Gianyar and Tabanan Districts, respectively. Not only contributing to the environment, cultivating Tabah bamboo also provides direct economic benefits.Keywords: community, economic, climate change, Tabah bamboo characteristics, carbon stockID: 3486626
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