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ArticleJournal articleDoes independent forest monitoring reduce forest infringement? Insights from Ghana’s collaborative mobile-based IFM system
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Independent Forest Monitoring (IFM) has been a feature of international effort to improve forest governance since its beginning in Cambodia in 1999. Today, IFM has gained traction and is an integral element of emerging forest governance schemes such as voluntary partnership agreement (VPA) which seeks to promote trade in legal timber between EU member countries and timber-producing countries in the global south. Within the VPA, IFM aims to complement the national due diligence mechanisms by flagging illegalities and providing opportunities for redress. Ghana is one such country where IFM is emerging within the country's VPA to address perennial forest governance challenges including corruption. This is often done through projects that develop and train communities on forest laws and provide them with mobile phones and appropriate software applications to monitor and flagged illegalities within their localities. Although this has been done over the years little insights are available on how this IFM architecture has performed. Such analysis is required to understand if IFM presents any hope for sanitizing the forest sector. On the back of this, this paper review community IFM monitoring reports identify key trends on forest illegalities and how they were addressed or otherwise. We found that the real-time monitoring platform has generated 747 alerts as of December 2019. Nearly 72% of them have been verified with most Social Responsibility Agreement (SRA) related infractions resulting in some 32 communities receiving SRA for the first time or on a continuous basis. The study concludes that communities are now protecting their forest as a result of compliance from timber companies which has generated revenue in the form of social responsibility agreements for community projects. Managers of the forest reserves are now responsive to queries as a result of the digital nature of the alerts. Keywords: Monitoring and data collection, Deforestation and forest degradation, Sustainable forest management, Governance ID: 3470164 -
ArticleJournal articleCommunity capacity for social enterprise development: Empirical evidence from community forest enterprises (CFEs) in Cameroon
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Community forest enterprises (CFEs) are emerging as sustainable options for local development, these enterprises trade to meet their social and environmental goals, thus characterizing them as social enterprises. However, knowledge of the capacity of these communities to develop and effectively manage CFEs is not well known. With inspiration from the organizational capacity theory, the asset-based community development (ABCD) theory, a framework for community capacity is developed. Based on data from a sample of 31 communities, principal component analysis, descriptive statistics, and the Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate community capacity and the relationship between dimensions of community capacity. The findings reveal that natural resource availability received the highest score (4.08), thus underlying the fact that these communities are endowed with natural resources that can propel their growth if managed sustainably. However, other dimensions of community capacity are poor, community capacity for partnerships and social networking was the lowest (1.33), followed by infrastructure (1.38), skills and knowledge of members (1.58) was equally very low with significant poor knowledge in enterprise development, marketing, and financial management. The overall sense of community was poor averaging 2.84 on a scale of 5, community capacity for financial management was equally not very good (3.94). Although participation was not very poor in most cases, women, youths, and minority groups need to be empowered further to participate actively in community activities. Correlation analysis reveals that some of these domains are highly correlated, thus when one is triggered, there is a positive spill-over effect on other dimensions. Financial management capacity, participation, leadership, and resource mobilization emerge as key dimensions that when triggered can have significant positive effects on other domains of community capacity. Keywords: Sustainable forest management, Governance, Education, Decent employment, Economic Development ID: 3486804 -
ArticleJournal article“Fisherfolks eat from the sea, why should we not eat from the forest?”: farmer narratives of forest conversion in Ghana
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Beyond global efforts dedicated to halting deforestation, in recent times, governments and companies are also implementing several voluntary initiatives to end agro-commodities driven deforestation. These initiatives are built on the assumptions that tropical forest loss endangers biodiversity, climate stability and forest livelihoods. While many of the assumptions hold in many ways, discussions around them tend to be dominated by governments, companies, and international organisations, neglecting the voices of subsistence farmers and forest-fringe communities (FFCs). Given that subsistence farmers contribute to about 33% of global deforestation, and that the meanings these farmers assign to their landscapes can affect conversation program outcomes, understanding FFCs perspectives about deforestation might provide new insights for effective zero- deforestation policies. Drawing on Narrative Policy Analysis, this paper traces the narratives that FFCs use to justify encroaching into protected forests to cultivate cocoa and food crops in southwestern Ghana, where restrictive deforestation policies have failed persistently. The article shows that FFCs are aware of the narratives, e.g., biodiversity, climate action, forest regulators use to legitimise forest conservation. However, they believe that their food security and quest for survival outweigh these ‘western priorities’. Besides, “the forest is finished”. The incongruity between farmers’ needs and forest regulators’ expectations complicates forest conservation attempts. Drawing on the political ecology literature, the paper argues that forest policy in the region needs to prioritise job creation and food security to have a chance at success, especially since most farmers in the region are prepared to put their lives at stake, converting forests for their daily survival. Keywords: Deforestation and forest degradation, Agriculture, Governance, Social protection ID: 3485073
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookRussian Federation: Meat sector review
Country highlights prepared under the FAO/EBRD Cooperation
2014Also available in:
World food demand has seen massive changes, including a shift from staple foods to animal proteins and vegetable oils. In the short to medium term, this trend in global food demand will continue. There will be an increased demand for vegetable oils, meat, sugar, dairy products and livestock feed made from coarse grains and oilseed meals. There are numerous mid-term forecasts for the Russian Federation’s meat sector. Most of them agree on the following trends: (i) the consumption of poultry and p ork meat will increase; (ii) the consumption of beef will decrease or stabilize; and (iii) the Russian Federation will remain a net importer of meat on the world market. According to OECD and FAO projections, meat imports from the Russian Federation will decrease from 3 to 1.3 million tonnes, owing to an anticipated growth in domestic chicken meat and pork production. The country’s share in global meat imports is anticipated to decrease from 12 percent in 2006–2010, to 4 percent in 2021. While t he Russian Federation will continue to play an important role in the international meat market, it will fall from its position as the largest meat importing country in 2006–2010 to the fourth largest global meat importer by 2021, behind Japan, sub-Saharan African countries, and Saudi Arabia. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.