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Consumption-based water management

State of the art in Asia










Carmody, E. & Turral, H. 2023. Consumption-based water management. State of the art in Asia. Bangkok, FAO.




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    Policy brief
    Consumption-based water management 2023
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    Water scarcity and rising competition for water are facts of life in semi-arid and arid parts of South and West Asia and are emerging, often in localized hotspots, in South-East Asian countries with high but seasonal rainfall. The main drivers of rising water scarcity are population growth, consequent food demand, associated economic development and changing dietary preferences. In addition, water development in Asia has overlooked the importance of environmental flows to sustain aquatic ecosystems and the ecosystem services that many water users rely upon for their livelihoods. Comparatively speaking, irrigation is the largest water use that needs to be balanced with environmental water needs. The purpose of this brief is to provide policy-makers and experts with an understanding of consumption-based water management (CBWM) so that they can consider whether it may – or may not – be possible to apply it in irrigation- dependent parts of Asia that are currently experiencing, or are expected to experience, overextraction of water resources, in particular groundwater.
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    Water Accounting in the Litani River Basin
    WaPOR Water Accounting reports
    2019
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    This report provides the water accounting study for Litani River basin in Lebanon carried out by IHE Delft using the Water Productivity open data portal (WaPOR) of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The Litani River basin is one of the key river basins in Lebanon and it is experiencing water scarcity with annual renewable water resources being 606.9 mm3/yr. With an estimated population of 375 000 in 2010 and doubled by 2016 due to the Syrian refugee crisis, the total per capita water availability is around 800 m3/cap/yr indicating water shortage. Increasing challenges such as growing population, climate change, groundwater over-exploitation and inter-basin transfers have put the available water resources in the basin under stress. The completeness and quality of the hydro-meteorological records are insufficient to draw an appropriate picture of the water resources conditions. However, the Water Accounting Plus (WA+) system designed by IHE Delft with its partners FAO and IWMI has been applied to gain full insights into the state of the water resources in the basin for the period 2010 to 2016. The WA+ framework is a reporting mechanism for water flows, fluxes and stocks that are summarized by means of WA+ sheets.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Water accounting in the Awash River Basin
    WaPOR water accounting reports
    2020
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    This report provides the water accounting study for Awash River basin in Ethiopia carried out by IHE-Delft using the Water Productivity (WaPOR) data portal of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The Awash River Basin is the most utilized river basin in Ethiopia hosting most of the industrial activities in the country, a number of small to large scale irrigation schemes and the main population centres of the country with more than 18.6 million people (2017 estimate). The basin faces high water stress during the peak of the irrigation season and frequent flooding in rainy seasons. The Water Accounting Plus (WA+) system designed by IHE Delft with its partners FAO and IWMI has been applied to gain full insights into the state of the water resources in the basin for the period 2009 to 2018. The WA+ framework is a reporting mechanism for water flows, fluxes and stocks that are summarized by means of WA+ sheets. The role of land use and land cover on producing and consuming water is described explicitly.

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